Saltstack data system
1.saltstack data system
SaltStack has two major data systems:
- Grains
- Pillar
2.saltstack component (Grains)
Grains is a component of SaltStack, which stores the information collected when minion starts.
Grains is one of the most important components in SaltStack components, because we often use it in the process of configuration and deployment. Grains is a component of SaltStack that records some static information of minion. It can be simply understood that grains records some common attributes of each minion, such as CPU, memory, disk, network information, etc. We can view all grains information of a minion through grains.items.
Functions of Grains:
- Collect asset information
Grains application scenario:
- Information Service
- Target matching at the command line
- Target matching in top file
- Target matching in template
For target matching in the template, see: https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/
Information query column:
List the key s and value s of all grains
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' grains.items
minion:
----------
biosreleasedate:
07/22/2020 //bios time
biosversion:
6.00 //Version of bios
cpu_flags: //cpu related properties
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ht
- syscall
- nx
- mmxext
- fxsr_opt
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- rep_good
- nopl
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- cpuid
- extd_apicid
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- cmp_legacy
- extapic
- cr8_legacy
- abm
- sse4a
- misalignsse
- 3dnowprefetch
- osvw
- topoext
- ssbd
- ibpb
- vmmcall
- fsgsbase
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- rdseed
- adx
- smap
- clflushopt
- clwb
- sha_ni
- xsaveopt
- xsavec
- xgetbv1
- xsaves
- clzero
- wbnoinvd
- arat
- umip
- rdpid
- overflow_recov
- succor
cpu_model: //Specific model of cpu
AMD Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
cpuarch: //cpu architecture
x86_64
cwd:
/
disks:
- sr0
- sda
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 192.168.100.2
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 192.168.100.2
options:
search:
- localdomain
sortlist:
domain:
efi:
False
efi-secure-boot:
False
fqdn:
node1
fqdn_ip4:
- 211.137.54.230
fqdn_ip6:
- fe80::fdbf:aff7:d636:5069
fqdns:
- node1
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host:
node1 //host name
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
00:0c:29:70:da:64
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
id: //ID of minion
minion
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.100.2
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.149
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- fe80::fdbf:aff7:d636:5069
lo:
- ::1
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.149
- fe80::fdbf:aff7:d636:5069
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.100.149
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::fdbf:aff7:d636:5069
kernel:
Linux
kernelparams:
|_
- BOOT_IMAGE
- (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
|_
- root
- /dev/mapper/cs-root
|_
- ro
- None
|_
- crashkernel
- auto
|_
- resume
- /dev/mapper/cs-swap
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/root
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/swap
|_
- rhgb
- None
|_
- quiet
- None
kernelrelease:
4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Thu Dec 3 22:16:23 UTC 2020
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
zh_CN
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
timezone:
EDT
localhost:
node1
lsb_distrib_codename:
CentOS Stream 8
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS Stream
lsb_distrib_release:
8
lvm:
----------
cs:
- home
- root
- swap
machine_id:
f6b97a1f9cd64c5f912e90e86fa9a73a
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.100.148
mdadm:
mem_total:
1789
nodename:
node1
num_cpus:
4
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS Stream
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
CentOS Stream 8
osfinger:
CentOS Stream-8
osfullname:
CentOS Stream
osmajorrelease:
8
osrelease:
8
osrelease_info:
- 8
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
1401
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python3.6
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python36.zip
- /usr/lib64/python3.6
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 3
- 6
- 8
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
3004
saltversioninfo:
- 3004
selinux:
----------
enabled:
True
enforced:
Enforcing
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d b1 cc 9f 07 68 74-f7 3b b2 6c 9b 70 da 64
server_id:
279719642
shell:
/bin/sh
ssds:
swap_total:
2079
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
version:
239
systempath:
- /usr/local/sbin
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/bin
transactional:
False
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
ccb14d56-079f-7468-f73b-b26c9b70da64
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
[root@master ~]#
Query the key s of all grains
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' grains.ls
minion:
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- cwd
- disks
- dns
- domain
- efi
- efi-secure-boot
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- fqdns
- gid
- gpus
- groupname
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_gw
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_gw
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_gw
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelparams
- kernelrelease
- kernelversion
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- lsb_distrib_release
- lvm
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- pid
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- ssds
- swap_total
- systemd
- systempath
- transactional
- uid
- username
- uuid
- virtual
- zfs_feature_flags
- zfs_support
- zmqversion
[root@master ~]#
Check the value of a key, such as IP address
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' grains.get ip4_interfaces
minion:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.100.149
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' grains.get fqdn_ip4
minion:
- 211.137.54.230
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens33
minion:
- 192.168.100.149
[root@master ~]#
Target matching instance:
Match minion with Grains:
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' cmd.run 'uptime'
master:
06:27:31 up 20 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
minion:
06:27:31 up 20 min, 2 users, load average: 0.01, 0.03, 0.03
[root@master ~]#
Use Grains in the top file:
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS Stream':
- match: grain
- web.apache.apache
[root@master base]#
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
minion:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 06:32:33.061753
Duration: 471.185 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 06:32:33.535444
Duration: 47.035 ms
Changes:
Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 518.220 ms
master:
Minion did not return. [No response]
The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211102103231049142
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master base]#
There are two ways to customize Grains:
- minion configuration file, search for grains in the configuration file
- Generate a grains file under / etc/salt and define it in this file (recommended method)
Before doing this, you must pay attention to:
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS Stream': //Delete this line
- match: grain
- web.apache.apache
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/salt/
[root@master salt]# ls
cloud cloud.maps.d master minion.d proxy
cloud.conf.d cloud.profiles.d master.d minion_id proxy.d
cloud.deploy.d cloud.providers.d minion pki roster
[root@master salt]# touch grains
[root@master salt]# vim grains
[root@master salt]# cat grains
test-grains: linux-node1
[root@master salt]#
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get test-grains
minion:
master:
linux-minion
[root@master ~]#
Customize Grains without restarting:
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
test-grains: linux-minion
shenlongfei: shuaige
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
master:
minion:
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get shenlongfei
master:
shuaige
minion:
[root@master ~]#
3.saltstack component Piller
Pillar is also one of the very important components of the SaltStack component. It is a data management center. It often configures states and uses it in large-scale configuration management. The main function of pillar in SaltStack is to store and define some data required in configuration management, such as software version number, user name, password and other information. Its definition storage format is similar to Grains, which is YAML format.
There is a section of Pillar settings in the Master configuration file, which specifically defines some parameters related to Pillar:
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master #pillar_roots: / / uncomment # base: # - /srv/pillar
In the default Base environment, the working directory of Pillar is under / srv/pillar directory. If you want to define multiple Pillar working directories with different environments, you only need to modify the configuration file here.
Pillar features:
- You can define the data required for the specified minion
- Only the specified person can see the defined data
- Set in master configuration file
[root@master srv]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
----------
minion:
----------
[root@master srv]#
The default pillar does not have any information. If you want to view the information, you need to set the pillar in the master configuration file_ The annotation of opts is uncommented and its value is set to True.
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master pillar_opts: True //Change to true and cancel the comment
Restart the master and view the pillar information
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master pillar]# salt 'minion' pillar.items
minion:
----------
master:
----------
__cli:
salt-master
__role:
master
allow_minion_key_revoke:
True
archive_jobs:
False
auth_events:
True
auth_mode:
1
auto_accept:
False
azurefs_update_interval:
60
cache:
localfs
cache_sreqs:
True
cachedir:
/var/cache/salt/master
clean_dynamic_modules:
True
cli_summary:
False
client_acl_verify:
True
cluster_mode:
False
con_cache:
False
conf_file:
/etc/salt/master
config_dir:
/etc/salt
cython_enable:
False
daemon:
False
decrypt_pillar:
decrypt_pillar_default:
gpg
decrypt_pillar_delimiter:
:
decrypt_pillar_renderers:
- gpg
default_include:
master.d/*.conf
default_top:
base
detect_remote_minions:
False
discovery:
False
django_auth_path:
django_auth_settings:
drop_messages_signature_fail:
False
dummy_pub:
False
eauth_acl_module:
eauth_tokens:
localfs
enable_gpu_grains:
False
enable_ssh_minions:
False
enforce_mine_cache:
False
engines:
env_order:
event_match_type:
startswith
event_publisher_niceness:
None
event_return:
event_return_blacklist:
event_return_niceness:
None
event_return_queue:
0
event_return_whitelist:
ext_job_cache:
ext_pillar:
extension_modules:
/var/cache/salt/master/extmods
external_auth:
----------
extmod_blacklist:
----------
extmod_whitelist:
----------
failhard:
False
file_buffer_size:
1048576
file_client:
local
file_ignore_glob:
file_ignore_regex:
file_recv:
False
file_recv_max_size:
100
file_roots:
----------
base:
- /srv/salt
- /srv/spm/salt
fileserver_backend:
- roots
fileserver_followsymlinks:
True
fileserver_ignoresymlinks:
False
fileserver_limit_traversal:
False
fileserver_update_niceness:
None
fileserver_verify_config:
True
fips_mode:
False
gather_job_timeout:
10
git_pillar_base:
master
git_pillar_branch:
master
git_pillar_env:
git_pillar_fallback:
git_pillar_global_lock:
True
git_pillar_includes:
True
git_pillar_insecure_auth:
False
git_pillar_passphrase:
git_pillar_password:
git_pillar_privkey:
git_pillar_pubkey:
git_pillar_refspecs:
- +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
git_pillar_root:
git_pillar_ssl_verify:
True
git_pillar_update_interval:
60
git_pillar_user:
git_pillar_verify_config:
True
gitfs_base:
master
gitfs_disable_saltenv_mapping:
False
gitfs_fallback:
gitfs_global_lock:
True
gitfs_insecure_auth:
False
gitfs_mountpoint:
gitfs_passphrase:
gitfs_password:
gitfs_privkey:
gitfs_pubkey:
gitfs_ref_types:
- branch
- tag
- sha
gitfs_refspecs:
- +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
gitfs_remotes:
gitfs_root:
gitfs_saltenv:
gitfs_saltenv_blacklist:
gitfs_saltenv_whitelist:
gitfs_ssl_verify:
True
gitfs_update_interval:
60
gitfs_user:
gpg_cache:
False
gpg_cache_backend:
disk
gpg_cache_ttl:
86400
hash_type:
sha256
hgfs_base:
default
hgfs_branch_method:
branches
hgfs_mountpoint:
hgfs_remotes:
hgfs_root:
hgfs_saltenv_blacklist:
hgfs_saltenv_whitelist:
hgfs_update_interval:
60
http_connect_timeout:
20.0
http_max_body:
107374182400
http_request_timeout:
3600.0
id:
minion
interface:
0.0.0.0
ipc_mode:
ipc
ipc_write_buffer:
0
ipv6:
None
jinja_env:
----------
jinja_lstrip_blocks:
False
jinja_sls_env:
----------
jinja_trim_blocks:
False
job_cache:
True
job_cache_store_endtime:
False
keep_acl_in_token:
False
keep_jobs:
24
key_cache:
key_logfile:
/var/log/salt/key
key_pass:
None
keysize:
2048
local:
True
lock_saltenv:
False
log_datefmt:
%H:%M:%S
log_datefmt_console:
%H:%M:%S
log_datefmt_logfile:
%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
log_file:
/var/log/salt/master
log_fmt_console:
[%(levelname)-8s] %(message)s
log_fmt_jid:
[JID: %(jid)s]
log_fmt_logfile:
%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d [%(name)-17s:%(lineno)-4d][%(levelname)-8s][%(process)d] %(message)s
log_granular_levels:
----------
log_level:
warning
log_level_logfile:
warning
log_rotate_backup_count:
0
log_rotate_max_bytes:
0
loop_interval:
60
maintenance_niceness:
None
master_job_cache:
local_cache
master_pubkey_signature:
master_pubkey_signature
master_roots:
----------
base:
- /srv/salt-master
master_sign_key_name:
master_sign
master_sign_pubkey:
False
master_stats:
False
master_stats_event_iter:
60
master_tops:
----------
master_tops_first:
False
master_use_pubkey_signature:
False
max_event_size:
1048576
max_minions:
0
max_open_files:
100000
memcache_debug:
False
memcache_expire_seconds:
0
memcache_full_cleanup:
False
memcache_max_items:
1024
min_extra_mods:
minion_data_cache:
True
minion_data_cache_events:
True
minion_id:
minion
minionfs_blacklist:
minionfs_env:
base
minionfs_mountpoint:
minionfs_update_interval:
60
minionfs_whitelist:
module_dirs:
mworker_niceness:
None
mworker_queue_niceness:
None
netapi_allow_raw_shell:
False
nodegroups:
----------
on_demand_ext_pillar:
- libvirt
- virtkey
open_mode:
False
optimization_order:
- 0
- 1
- 2
order_masters:
False
outputter_dirs:
peer:
----------
permissive_acl:
False
permissive_pki_access:
False
pidfile:
/var/run/salt-master.pid
pillar_cache:
False
pillar_cache_backend:
disk
pillar_cache_ttl:
3600
pillar_includes_override_sls:
False
pillar_merge_lists:
False
pillar_opts:
True
pillar_roots:
----------
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
pillar_safe_render_error:
True
pillar_source_merging_strategy:
smart
pillar_version:
2
pillarenv:
None
ping_on_rotate:
False
pki_dir:
/etc/salt/pki/master
preserve_minion_cache:
False
pub_hwm:
1000
pub_server_niceness:
None
publish_port:
4505
publish_session:
86400
publisher_acl:
----------
publisher_acl_blacklist:
----------
queue_dirs:
range_server:
range:80
reactor:
reactor_niceness:
None
reactor_refresh_interval:
60
reactor_worker_hwm:
10000
reactor_worker_threads:
10
regen_thin:
False
remote_minions_port:
22
renderer:
jinja|yaml
renderer_blacklist:
renderer_whitelist:
req_server_niceness:
None
require_minion_sign_messages:
False
ret_port:
4506
root_dir:
/
roots_update_interval:
60
rotate_aes_key:
True
runner_dirs:
runner_returns:
True
s3fs_update_interval:
60
salt_cp_chunk_size:
98304
saltenv:
None
saltversion:
3004
schedule:
----------
search:
serial:
msgpack
show_jid:
False
show_timeout:
True
sign_pub_messages:
True
signing_key_pass:
None
sock_dir:
/var/run/salt/master
sock_pool_size:
1
sqlite_queue_dir:
/var/cache/salt/master/queues
ssh_config_file:
/root/.ssh/config
ssh_identities_only:
False
ssh_list_nodegroups:
----------
ssh_log_file:
/var/log/salt/ssh
ssh_passwd:
ssh_port:
22
ssh_priv_passwd:
ssh_scan_ports:
22
ssh_scan_timeout:
0.01
ssh_sudo:
False
ssh_sudo_user:
ssh_timeout:
60
ssh_use_home_key:
False
ssh_user:
root
ssl:
None
state_aggregate:
False
state_auto_order:
True
state_events:
False
state_output:
full
state_output_diff:
False
state_output_profile:
True
state_top:
salt://top.sls
state_top_saltenv:
None
state_verbose:
True
sudo_acl:
False
svnfs_branches:
branches
svnfs_mountpoint:
svnfs_remotes:
svnfs_root:
svnfs_saltenv_blacklist:
svnfs_saltenv_whitelist:
svnfs_tags:
tags
svnfs_trunk:
trunk
svnfs_update_interval:
60
syndic_dir:
/var/cache/salt/master/syndics
syndic_event_forward_timeout:
0.5
syndic_failover:
random
syndic_forward_all_events:
False
syndic_jid_forward_cache_hwm:
100
syndic_log_file:
/var/log/salt/syndic
syndic_master:
masterofmasters
syndic_pidfile:
/var/run/salt-syndic.pid
syndic_wait:
5
tcp_keepalive:
True
tcp_keepalive_cnt:
-1
tcp_keepalive_idle:
300
tcp_keepalive_intvl:
-1
tcp_master_pub_port:
4512
tcp_master_publish_pull:
4514
tcp_master_pull_port:
4513
tcp_master_workers:
4515
test:
False
thin_extra_mods:
thorium_interval:
0.5
thorium_roots:
----------
base:
- /srv/thorium
thorium_top:
top.sls
thoriumenv:
None
timeout:
5
token_dir:
/var/cache/salt/master/tokens
token_expire:
43200
token_expire_user_override:
False
top_file_merging_strategy:
merge
transport:
zeromq
unique_jid:
False
user:
root
utils_dirs:
- /var/cache/salt/master/extmods/utils
verify_env:
True
winrepo_branch:
master
winrepo_cachefile:
winrepo.p
winrepo_dir:
/srv/salt/win/repo
winrepo_dir_ng:
/srv/salt/win/repo-ng
winrepo_fallback:
winrepo_insecure_auth:
False
winrepo_passphrase:
winrepo_password:
winrepo_privkey:
winrepo_pubkey:
winrepo_refspecs:
- +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
winrepo_remotes:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
winrepo_remotes_ng:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng.git
winrepo_ssl_verify:
True
winrepo_user:
worker_threads:
5
zmq_backlog:
1000
zmq_filtering:
False
zmq_monitor:
False
[root@master pillar]#
pillar custom data:
Find pillar in the master configuration file_ Roots can see where they store the pillar
[root@master salt]# vim /etc/salt/master
# highstate format, and is generally just key/value pairs.
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
#
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/
[root@master srv]# tree pillar/
pillar/
└── base
1 directory, 0 files
[root@master srv]#
[root@master pillar]# vim /srv/pillar/base/apache.sls
[root@master pillar]# cat /srv/pillar/base/apache.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS Stream' %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
[root@master pillar]#
Define top file entry file
[root@master pillar]# cat /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base: //Specify environment
'minion': //Specify target
- web.apache.apache //Reference apache.sls
[root@master pillar]#
[root@master pillar]# pwd
/srv/pillar
[root@master pillar]#
[root@master base]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
----------
minion:
----------
apache:
httpd
[root@master base]#
Modify the apache status file under salt and reference the pilar data
[root@master base]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache/apache.sls
[root@master base]# cat /srv/salt/base/web/apache/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
- enable: true
[root@master base]#
Execute advanced status file
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
minion:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
Changes:
Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
master:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
[root@master base]#
Differences between Grains and Pillar
| Storage location | type | Acquisition mode | Application scenario | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grains | minion | static state | When minion starts, the collection can avoid restarting minion service by refreshing | 1. Information query 2. Target matching on the command line 3. Target matching in top file 4. Target matching in template |
| Pillar | master | dynamic | Specify and take effect in real time | 1. Target matching 2. Sensitive data configuration |