Source code compilation and installation of web Services LAMP
1, LAMP Architecture Overview
1. Introduction to lamp
- LAMP is the acronym of Linux operating system + Apache Web server + MySQL database server + PHP (or Perl, Python) web programming language.
- They are independent programs, but they can be used to build open source software for dynamic websites or servers
2. Main functions of each component
(1) Linux ------ platform - Linux is the basis of LAMP architecture. It provides an operating system to support the Web site, and can provide better stability and compatibility with the other three components (AMP components also support Windows, UNIX and other platforms).
(2) Apache - front desk
- As the front end of LAMP architecture, Apache is a powerful and stable Web server program. The server directly provides users with website access, sending Web pages, pictures and other file contents.
(3) MySQL - background
- MySQL, as the back end of LAMP architecture, is a popular open source relational database system.
- In enterprise websites, business systems and other applications, various account information, product information, customer information and business data can be stored in MySQL database. Other programs can query and change these information through SQL statements.
(4) PHP/Perl/Python ------ intermediate connection - PHP/Perl/Python: as three programming languages for developing dynamic Web pages, it is responsible for interpreting dynamic Web page files, communicating the Web server and database system to work together, and providing the development and running environment of Web applications.
- PHP is a widely used open source multi-purpose scripting language, which can be embedded in HTML, especially suitable for Web application development. (this chapter is written in PHP language)
3. Sequence of building LAMP platform
- When building the LAMP platform, the installation sequence of each component is Linux → Apache → MySQL → PHP. Apache and MySQL are not installed in strict order. PHP environment is generally installed last, which is responsible for communicating the Web server and database system to work together.
2, Compile and install Apache httpd service
1. Close the firewall and transfer the software package required for installing Apache to the / opt directory
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0
httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz #apr component package is used to support Apache upper application cross platform and provide lower interface library, which can effectively reduce the number of concurrent connections, processes and access congestion.
2. Install environment dependent packages
#Install Yum source before using yum yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel expat-devel perl #------Explain--------- gcc #C language compiler gcc-c++ #C + + compiler make #Source code compiler (source code to binary) pcre #pcre is a perl function library, including perl compatible regular expression library pcre-devel #perl interface development package expat-devel #Used to support website parsing HTML and XML files perl #perl compiler
3. Configuring software modules
cd /opt/ tar zxvf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz tar zxvf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz mv apr-1.7.0 /opt/httpd-2.4.46/srclib/apr mv apr-util-1.6.1 /opt/httpd-2.4.46/srclib/apr-util cd /opt/httpd-2.4.46/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi #--------Explain-------- --prefix=/usr/local/httpd #Specify the installation path of the httpd service program --enable-so #Enable dynamic loading module support to enable httpd to further expand its functions --enable-rewrite #Enable the web address rewriting function for website optimization, anti-theft chain and directory migration maintenance --enable-charset-lite #Start character set support to support pages encoded with various character sets --enable-cgi #Enable CGI (general Gateway Interface) script program support to facilitate the external expansion of application access capability of the website
- If the output of. / configure command is too long, no screenshot will be taken
4. Compilation and installation
#make -j 2 means to open 2 cores and compile at the same time make make install
Very long, no screenshot
5. Optimize the configuration file path, and put the executable program file of httpd service into the directory of path environment variable for system identification
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/ ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
6. Add httpd system service
Method 1: cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd #Used for service management chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd vim /etc/init.d/httpd #Insert a new line before the first line and add these three lines (except comments) #!/bin/bash #Level 35 automatic operation, 85th startup, 21st shutdown # chkconfig: 35 85 21 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server chkconfig --add httpd #Add the httpd service to the service manager systemctl start httpd.service Method 2: vim /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service [Unit] #describe Description=The Apache HTTP Server #Describe service category After=network.target [Service] #Background operation mode Type=forking #PID file location PIDFile=/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid #Start service ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/apachectl $OPTIONS #According to PID overload configuration ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target systemctl start httpd.service systemctl enable httpd.service
- Here, I use method 2 to set (relatively fast), and method 1 is also OK, but I have to wait a while after setting, and the startup is slow. I won't demonstrate here.
7. Modify httpd service profile
vim /etc/httpd.conf #Line 52; modify Listen 192.168.163.10:80 #Line 199; Uncomment, modify ServerName www.lisi.com:80 #Line 223; Default home page storage path DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs" #Line 257; Default home page file name setting DirectoryIndex index.html #Check whether there are errors in the configuration items of the configuration file httpd -t or apachectl -t cat /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html systemctl restart httpd.service
8. Browser access authentication
netstat -anpt | grep 80 echo "192.168.163.10 www.lisi.com" >> /etc/hosts http://192.168.163.10 http://www.lisi.com
3, Compile and install mysqld service
1. Transfer the software package required to install mysql to the / opt directory
mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz #Runtime supporting c + + boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
2. Install environment dependent packages
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake #------Explain----- gcc #C language compiler gcc-c++ #C + + compiler ncurses #Dynamic library of graphic interactive function under character terminal ncurses-devel #ncurses development kit bison #Parser cmake #mysql needs to be compiled and installed with cmake
3. Configuring software modules
cd /opt tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz #rename mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 Note: if CMAKE There are errors in the process of. When the errors are solved, you need to put the errors in the source directory CMakeCache.txt Delete the file and then try again CMAKE，Otherwise, the error remains -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql #Specify the installation path of mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Specify the storage path of mysql process listening socket file (database connection file) -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc #Specify the storage path of the configuration file -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql #Specifies the storage path of the process file -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 #Specifies the character set encoding used by default, such as utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #Specifies the default character set collation rule to use -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all #Specifies that other character set encodings are supported -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #Install INNOBASE storage engine -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #Installing the ARCHIVE storage engine -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #Installing the BLACKHOLE storage engine -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 #Install FEDERATED storage engine -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specifies the storage path of the database file -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost #Specify the path of boost. If MySQL boost integration package is used for installation, - DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 #Generate files for systemctl management Storage engine options: #MYISAM, MERGE, MEMORY, and CSV engines are compiled into the server by default and do not need to be explicitly installed. #Statically compile a storage engine to the server, using - DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE= 1 #Available storage engine values are: ARCHIVE, BLACKHOLE, EXAMPLE, FEDERATED, INNOBASE (InnoDB), PARTITION (partitioning support), and PERFSCHEMA (Performance Schema) #Two common storage engines are MYISAM and INNOBASE(InnoDB)
4. Compilation and installation
make && make install
5. Create mysql user
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
6. Modify mysql configuration file
vim /etc/my.cnf #Delete the original configuration item and add the following content again #Client settings [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Service global settings [mysqld] #Set management user user = mysql #Specify the installation directory of the database basedir=/usr/local/mysql #Specifies the storage path of the database file datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specify port port = 3306 #Set the server character set encoding format to utf8 character-set-server=utf8 #Specify pid process file path pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid #Specify database connection file socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Set the listening address. 0.0.0.0 means that all IP addresses are allowed. If multiple IP addresses are allowed, they should be separated by spaces bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #Disable DNS resolution skip-name-resolve #Set the maximum number of mysql connections max_connections=2048 #Specify the default storage engine default-storage-engine=INNODB #Sets the maximum packet size received by the database max_allowed_packet=16M #Specify the service ID number server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sql_mode Common values are as follows: NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION If the required storage engine is disabled or not compiled,Then throw an error. When this value is not set,Replace with the default storage engine,And throw an exception STRICT_TRANS_TABLES In this mode,If a value cannot be inserted into a transaction table,The current operation is interrupted,No restrictions on non transaction tables NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER prohibit GRANT Create a user with a blank password NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO mysql The self growing column in can start at 0. By default, the self growth column starts from 1. If you insert data with a value of 0, an error will be reported NO_ZERO_IN_DATE Zero date and month are not allowed NO_ZERO_DATE mysql Zero date insertion is not allowed in the database,Inserting a zero date throws an error instead of a warning ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO stay INSERT or UPDATE In the process, if the data is divided by zero, an error is generated instead of a warning. By default, when the data is divided by zero MySQL return NULL PIPES_AS_CONCAT take"||"Treat as a concatenation operator of a string rather than an or operator, which is similar to Oracle The database is the same as the string splicing function Concat Similar ANSI_QUOTES Enable ANSI_QUOTES You cannot use double quotation marks to refer to a string after, because it is interpreted as an identifier
7. Change the primary group of mysql installation directory and configuration file
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
8. Set path environment variable
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile
9. Initialize database
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Explanations: --initialize-insecure #The generation initialization password is empty --user=mysql #Specify administrative users --basedir=/usr/local/mysql #Specify the installation directory of the database --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specifies the storage path of the database file
10. Add mysqld system service
#For systemctl service management cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ #Refresh recognition systemctl daemon-reload #Turn on the service and set the startup self startup systemctl start mysqld.service systemctl enable mysqld #View port netstat -anpt | grep 3306
11. Modify the login password of mysql
#Set the password to 123456 for the root account, and the prompt is the original password (empty) mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456"
12. Authorize remote login
mysql -u root -p #The root user is authorized to log in remotely at all terminals with the password of 123456 grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; #View the existing database and pay attention to ";" show databases; Supplement: #Have operation permissions on all databases and all tables with grant option #Add after the authorization command grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
4, Compile and install PHP parsing environment
1. Transfer the software package required to install PHP to the / opt directory
php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
2. Install GD library and Gd library associated programs to process and generate pictures
yum -y install \ gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel
3. Configuring software modules
cd /opt tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 cd /opt/php-7.1.10/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip Relevant explanations: --prefix=/usr/local/php7 #Specify the path where the PHP program will be installed --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs #Specifies the file location of the apxs module support program provided by the Apache httpd service --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Specify the storage path of mysql database connection file --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 #Set the configuration file for PHP Where ini will be stored --with-mysqli #add to MySQL Extended support #mysqli extension technology can not only call MySQL stored procedures and process MySQL transactions, but also make accessing the database more stable --with-zlib #Support zlib function and provide data compression --with-curl #Enable curl extension function to realize HTTP Get download and Post request --with-gd #Activate gd library support --with-jpeg-dir #Activate jpeg support --with-png-dir #Activate png support --with-freetype-dir --with-openssl --enable-mbstring #Enable multi byte string function to support Chinese and other codes --enable-xml #Open extensible markup language module --enable-session #conversation --enable-ftp #Text transfer protocol --enable-pdo #function library --enable-tokenizer #Token interpreter --enable-zip #ZIP compression format
4. Compilation and installation
make && make install
5. Copy the template file as the main configuration file of PHP and modify it
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/php.ini #Use PHP. PHP when testing the environment Ini development file, while using PHP. Net in the production environment Ini production file vim /usr/local/php7/php.ini #Line 939; Uncomment, modify date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai #1170 lines; modify mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
6. Optimization puts PHP executable program files into the directory of path environment variables for system identification
ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ #See which modules PHP loads php -m
7. Modify the configuration file of httpd service to make apache support PHP
vim /etc/httpd.conf #158 lines; Check whether the module supporting php7 exists LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so #Line 258; Modify home page file name settings DirectoryIndex index.html index.php #Line 393; Insert the following AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
8. Validate PHP test page
rm -rf /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> systemctl restart httpd.service #Browser access http://192.168.163.10
5, Supplement ----- installation Forum
mysql -u root -p #Create a database CREATE DATABASE bbs; #Grant the permissions of all tables in the bbs database to bbsuser and set the password 123456 GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; #Refresh database flush privileges; show databases;
- After editing, exit exits
2. Unzip the forum zip
unzip /opt/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt/dis #Upload site update package cd /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/ cp -r upload/ /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs
3. Change the owner of the forum directory
cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs chown -R daemon ./config chown -R daemon ./data chown -R daemon ./uc_client chown -R daemon ./uc_server/data
- If you don't have permission
4. Browser access authentication
