catalogue
1.vi/vim
1.1 what is it
VI is the most common text editor in Unix operating system and Unix like operating system.
VIM editor is a more powerful text editor developed from VI. It can actively identify the correctness of grammar by font color, which is convenient for program design. VIM is fully compatible with the VI editor.
1.2 general mode
Open a file with vi/vim and directly enter the general mode (this is the default mode)
Common grammar
| grammar |
Function description |
| yy |
Copy the current line of the cursor |
| Y number y |
Copy a paragraph (from line to line) |
| p |
Move arrow to destination line paste |
| u |
Undo previous step |
| dd |
Delete current line of cursor |
| D number d |
How many lines after deleting cursor (including) |
| x |
Cut a letter, equivalent to del |
| X |
Cut a letter, which is equivalent to Backspace |
| yw |
Copy a word |
| dw |
Delete a word |
| ^ |
Move to line header |
| $ |
Move to end of line |
| 1+shift+g |
Move to header, number |
| shift+g |
Move to end of page |
| Number + shift+g |
Move to target row |
1.3 editing mode
Common grammar
| Key |
function |
| i |
Before the current cursor |
| a |
After the current cursor |
| o |
The next line of the current cursor line |
| I |
The front of the line where the cursor is located |
| A |
Last line of cursor |
| O |
The previous line of the current cursor line |
1.4 command mode
Common grammar
| command |
function |
| :w |
preservation |
| :q |
sign out |
| :! |
Enforcement |
| /Words to find |
N find next, n find up |
| :noh |
set nohlsearch |
| :set nu |
set number |
| :set nonu |
Close line number |
| :%s/old/new/g |
Replace content / g replace all matching content |
2. Help command
2.1 man
Basic grammar
man [command or configuration file] (function description: get help information)
Display description
| information |
function |
| NAME |
Name and single line description of the command |
| SYNOPSIS |
How to use commands |
| DESCRIPTION |
In depth discussion of command functions |
| EXAMPLES |
Examples of how to use commands |
| SEE ALSO |
Related topics (usually man pages) |
2.2 help
Basic grammar
Help command (function description: get help information of shell built-in commands)
2.3 type
Basic grammar
Type command (function description: get the type of shell command)
[xxxx@hadoop1 ~]$ type cd cd yes shell within //Description is an embedded command [xxxx@hadoop1 ~]$ type ls ls yes `ls --color=auto' No, don't
3. File directory
3.1 pwd
Basic grammar
pwd (function description: displays the absolute path of the current working directory)
[root@hadoop1 opt]# pwd /opt
3.2 ls
Basic grammar
ls [options] [directory or file]
Option description
| option |
function |
| -a |
All files are listed together with hidden files (files starting with). Commonly used) |
| -l |
Long data string listing, including file attributes, permissions and other data; (commonly used) equivalent to "ll" |
[root@hadoop1 ~]# ll Total consumption 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 11 May 25-21:22 swappiness~ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 11 October 26:28 swappinesz~ [root@hadoop1 ~]# ls swappiness~ swappinesz~ [root@hadoop1 ~]# ls -a . .bash_logout .cshrc .mysql_history .ssh .tcshrc .. .bash_profile .history .oracle_jre_usage swappiness~ .viminfo .bash_history .bashrc .lesshst .pki swappinesz~ [root@hadoop1 ~]# ls -al Total dosage 68 dr-xr-x---. 5 root root 4096 4 July 18:28 . dr-xr-xr-x. 20 root root 4096 4 June 16:03 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6775 4 June 19:16 .bash_history -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 12 September 29, 2013 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 12 September 29, 2013 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 12 September 29, 2013 .bashrc -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 1
3.3 cd
Basic grammar
cd [parameter]
Parameter description
| parameter |
function |
| cd absolute path |
Switch path |
| cd relative path |
Switch path |
| cd ~ or cd |
Go back to your home directory |
| cd - |
Return to the previous directory |
| cd .. |
Return to the previous directory of the current directory |
| cd -P |
Jump to the actual physical path instead of the shortcut path |
[root@hadoop1 opt]# cd /root/ [root@hadoop1 ~]# cd - /opt [root@hadoop1 opt]# cd ../ [root@hadoop1 /]# cd /root/ [root@hadoop1 ~]# cd ~ [root@hadoop1 ~]# cd ../ [root@hadoop1 /]# cd
3.4 mkdir
Basic grammar
mkdir [options] directory to create
Option description
| option |
function |
| -p |
Create multi tier directory |
[xxxxx@hadoop1 test]$ mkdir qqq [xxxxx@hadoop1 test]$ mkdir -p qqq/www/eeee
3.5 rmdir
Basic grammar
rmdir empty directory to delete
[root@hadoop1 www]$ rmdir eeee
3.6 touch
Basic grammar
touch file name
[root@hadoop1 qqq]$ touch 1.txt [root@hadoop1 qqq]$ touch ./www/1.txt
3.7 cp
Basic grammar
cp [options] source dest (function description: copy source file to dest)
Option description
| option |
function |
| -r |
Copy entire folder recursively |
[root@hadoop1 test]# cp a.txt ./aaa [root@hadoop1 test]# cp -r aaa aaaa
3.8 rm
Basic grammar
rm [options] deleteFile (function description: recursively delete all contents in the directory)
Option description
| option |
function |
| -r |
Recursively delete all contents in the directory |
| -f |
Force deletion without prompting for confirmation. |
| -v |
Displays the detailed execution of the instruction |
[root@hadoop1 test]# rm a.txt rm: Delete normal file "a.txt"？yes [root@hadoop1 test]# rm -f b.txt [root@hadoop1 test]# rm -rf aaaa/
3.9 mv
Basic grammar
mv oldFile newFile (function description: rename)
mv ./aaa/ bbb / (function description: move folder)
mv a.txt aaa/a.txt (function description: moving files)
[root@hadoop1 aaa]# mv a.txt b.txt [root@hadoop1 aaa]# mv ./b/ ../ [root@hadoop1 aaa]# mv b.txt ../
3.10 cat
Basic grammar
cat [options] files to view
Option description
| option |
Function description |
| -n |
Displays the line numbers of all lines, including blank lines. |
[root@hadoop1 test]# cat README.txt For the latust information about Hadoop, please visit our website at: http://hadoop.apache.org/core/ [root@hadoop1 test]# cat -n README.txt 1 For the latust information about Hadoop, please visit our website at: 2 3 http://hadoop.apache.org/core/
3.11 more
Basic grammar
more files to view
Operating instructions
| operation |
Function description |
| Space key |
Represents turning down a page; |
| Enter |
Represents turning down "one line"; |
| q |
The representative leaves more immediately and no longer displays the contents of the file. |
| Ctrl+F |
Scroll down one screen |
| Ctrl+B |
Return to previous screen |
| = |
Output the line number of the current line |
| :f |
Output file name and line number of the current line |
[root@hadoop1 test]# more README.txt
3.12 less
Basic grammar
less files to view
Operating instructions
| operation |
Function description |
| Blank key |
Turn down a page; |
| [pagedown] |
Turn down a page |
| [pageup] |
Turn up a page; |
| /String |
Search down for the function of "string"; n: Look down; N: Look up; |
| ? string |
The function of searching "string" upward; n: Look up; N: Look down; |
| q |
Leave the less program; |
[root@hadoop1 test]# less README.txt
3.13 echo
Basic grammar
echo [options] [output content]
Options:
-e: Support character conversion controlled by backslash
| Control character |
effect |
| \\ |
Output \ itself |
| \n |
Line feed |
| \t |
Tab, or tab |
[root@hadoop1 test]# echo 666 666 [root@hadoop1 test]# echo "4444" 4444 [root@hadoop1 test]# echo -e "666\t666" 666 666 [root@hadoop1 test]# echo -e "3[34m blue words \ 033[0m" Blue word
Extended output with color:
echo -e "3 [word background color; text color M string \ 033[0m" add word background color and text color at the same time
echo -e "3 [text color M string \ 033[0m" add text color only
Font color
echo -e "\033[30m Black characters \033[0m" echo -e "\033[31m Red character \033[0m" echo -e "\033[32m Green word \033[0m" echo -e "\033[33m Yellow character \033[0m" echo -e "\033[34m Blue word \033[0m" echo -e "\033[35m Purple character \033[0m" echo -e "\033[36m Sky blue character \033[0m" echo -e "\033[37m White words \033[0m"
Word background color
echo -e "\033[40;37m White characters on black background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[41;37m White characters on red background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[42;37m White characters on green background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[43;37m Yellow characters on a white background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[44;37m White characters on blue background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[45;37m White characters on purple background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[46;37m White characters on blue background \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47;30m Black characters on white background \033[0m"
Description of the last control option
\33[0m Close all properties \33[1m Set high brightness \33[4m Underline \33[5m twinkle \33[7m Reverse display \33[8m Blanking \33[30m — \33[37m set foreground color \33[40m — \33[47m Set background color \33[nA Move cursor up n that 's ok \33[nB Cursor down n that 's ok \33[nC Move cursor right n that 's ok \33[nD Move cursor left n that 's ok \33[y;xH Set cursor position \33[2J Clear screen \33[K Clears the contents from the cursor to the end of the line \33[s Save cursor position \33[u restore cursor position \33[?25l hide cursor \33[?25h Display cursor
3.14 head
Basic grammar
head file (function description: view the 10 lines of the file header)
head -n 5 # file (function description: view the contents of 5 lines in the file header, and 5 can be any number of lines)
2) Option description
| option |
function |
| -N < number of lines > |
Specifies the number of rows to display header content |
[root@hadoop1 test]# head README.txt For the latust information about Hadoop, please visit our website at: http://hadoop.apache.org/core/ http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ and our wiki, at: ribution [root@hadoop1 test]# head -n 1 README.txt For the latust information about Hadoop, please visit our website at:
3.15 tail
Basic grammar
(1) tail} file (function description: view the contents of the last 10 lines of the file)
(2) tail - n # 5 # file (function description: view the contents of 5 lines at the end of the file, and 5 can be any number of lines)
(3) tail - f# file (function description: track all updates of the document in real time)
(4) Tail - 5f # file or tail - fn 5 # file (function description: view the contents of 5 lines at the end of the file, 5 can be any number of lines, and track all updates of the document in real time)
2) Option description
| option |
function |
| -N < number of lines > |
n lines at the end of the output file |
| -f |
Display the newly added contents of the file and monitor the changes of the file |
[root@hadoop1 test]# tail README.txt The following providus more details on the included cryptographic software: Hadoop usus usus the SSL librarius from the Jetty project written by mortbay.org. [root@hadoop1 test]# tail -n 1 README.txt by mortbay.org. [root@hadoop1 test]# tail -fn 2 README.txt Hadoop usus usus the SSL librarius from the Jetty project written by mortbay.org. ^C [root@hadoop1 test]# tail -2f README.txt Hadoop usus usus the SSL librarius from the Jetty project written by mortbay.org. ^C
3.16 > and > >
Basic grammar
(1) ls -l > file (function description: write the contents of the list into the file a.txt (overwrite write))
(2) ls -al > > file (function description: the contents of the list are appended to the end of the file aa.txt)
(3) cat file 1 > file 2 (function description: overwrite the contents of file 1 to file 2)
(4) echo "content" > > file
[root@hadoop1 test]# ls -l > b.txt [root@hadoop1 test]# ls -l >> b.txt [root@hadoop1 test]# cat README.txt >> b.txt [root@hadoop1 test]# echo "66666" >> b.txt
3.17 ln
Basic grammar
ln -s [original file or directory] [soft link name] (function description: create a soft link to the original file)
experience
Delete soft link: rm -rf soft link name instead of rm -rf soft link name/
If rm -rf soft link name / delete is used, the contents in the real directory corresponding to the soft link will be deleted
Query: you can view it through ll. The first bit of the list attribute is l, and there will be a position point at the end.
[root@hadoop1 test]# rm -rf a.txtln [root@hadoop1 test]# ln -s aaa aaa.ln [root@hadoop1 test]# ll Total consumption 36 drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 4 August 9:32 aaa lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 4 August 10:13 aaa.ln -> aaa
3.18 history
Basic grammar
History (function description: view the history commands that have been executed)
[root@hadoop1 test]# history
1 2020-11-21 14:20:05 root hostname