C language - basic function query

Preparation of program design experiment course

----Do a convenient mobile keyword search library, and then realize the timely information retrieval function

----After doing a simple C language introduction tutorial, send it to CSDN - thank you for the header song support provided by boss Wang Tinghao

----After improvement: make some necessary analysis for all the functions, and make a more detailed explanation based on computer principle

----It is worth mentioning that this file is only suitable for novices who are quick to start C language to realize simple programs, and many related knowledge points such as static variables are not involved

Experiment 1

----Some of the most common basic knowledge

Basic knowledge

placeholder

  • %d: Used to output signed decimal integers (including int / char types)
  • %u: Used to output unsigned decimal integers (including int / char types)
  • %o: Used to output unsigned octal integers
  • %x: Used to output unsigned hexadecimal integers
  • %c: Used to output a single character
  • %s: Used to output a string
  • %f: Decimal floating point number used to output decimal form (both decimal form and exponential form can be recognized when entering)
  • %e: Decimal floating point number used to output exponential form (both decimal form and exponential form can be recognized when entering)
  • %g: It is used to output decimal floating-point numbers that are shorter in both exponential form and decimal form (both decimal form and exponential form can be recognized when inputting)
  • %. 2lf: used to output the form with two decimal places reserved

----It is widely used in input and output statements

----Bold and black are common placeholders

scanf

scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

----Assign the obtained values to a and b respectively in order

----Note that the address fetching character & should be used to assign values

----Notice that both printf and scanf use double quotes

----If you enter, you don't need to consider whether there is space between placeholders, such as scanf_ s("%d%d", &a, &b); And scanf_ s("%d %d", &a, &b); The input method is actually the same. Enter a value and press enter, then enter a value and then press enter; That is, the interpreter will automatically distinguish between two inputs

printf

printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);

----When outputting, you can add necessary characters at both ends to adjust the output content without affecting the formatting

----The output parameters can directly call variables to realize the formatted replacement of the output content

----Notice that both printf and scanf use double quotes

----You need a newline character to ensure that each output is not next to each other

a++

----It means to realize the self increment of a

if

if (a==b)
	{	

printf("a and b equal\n");

printf("a and b equal\n");	

}

or

if (a==b)
	{	

printf("a and b equal\n");

printf("a and b equal\n");	

}

else 

{	

printf("a and b Unequal\n");

printf("a and b Unequal\n");	

}

or

if(i >= 'a' && i != 'q' && i<='z')
        	{
        	    xiaoxie++;
        	}
        	else if(i >= 'A' && i != 'Q' && i<='Z')
        	{
        	    daxie++;
        	}
        	else
        	{
        	    qita++;
        	}

----Note the use of if and else

Common header file

#include<stdio.h> 
#include<string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

----Remember to add these header files every time

Operation symbol and priority

operatormeaningAssociativity
()brackets
+ -Monocular operation, positive and negativeRight to left
* / %Binocular operation, multiplication and division, remainderFrom left to right
+ -Binocular operation, addition and subtractionFrom left to right
=Binocular operation, assignmentRight to left

----The higher the priority, the higher the priority

Initialization of variables

double high,faHeight,moHeight,percent1=1.00,percent2=1.00;

----It can realize more concise code initialization by merging multiple lines of initialization code

----Remember to type commas and semicolons

switch

	char op;
	double a,b,result;
	scanf("%lf %c %lf",&a,&op,&b);
	switch (op)
	{
		case '+':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a+b);
			break;
            
	    case '-':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a-b);
			break;
            
		case '*':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a*b);
			break;
            
		case '/':
			if(b==0)
			{
				printf("Divisor cannot be 0"); 
				break;
			}
		    printf("%.2lf",(double)a/(double)b);
			break; 
            
		default:
			printf("Incorrect operator");
			
	}

----Judge which part of the statement is executed by the value of the variable inside the switch bracket

----It can be noted that internally, variables and conditions are compared and judged directly through the case. When the judgment execution statement ends, you need to use break to jump out of the code block of the current case; Just type the code directly after the quotation marks

----default is used to perform additional operations without case matching. You don't need to break. You can just type the code after the quotation marks

----switch is actually a multi branch if else statement to judge whether the value of the input variable is equal to the branch content of case. It can be regarded as connecting through = = in the middle

code

0-

/*
Program error correction

----Enter two integers to sum
----Change the wrong program to the correct one
*/
/*
The following procedure is to sum a and b. The user reads in the values of a and b, calculates the results, and outputs them.
There is a problem in the code and the expected effect cannot be achieved,
Please correct the error directly in the following code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main()
{	
    int a,b;
	int sum;
	scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
	sum=a+b;
	printf("sum=%d\n",sum);
	return 0;
}

/*
The following program outputs "a and b are equal" when the values of a and b are equal, and there is no output if the values of a and b are not equal.
There is a problem in the code and the expected effect cannot be achieved,
Please correct the error directly in the following code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main()
{
    int a,b;
	scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
	if (a==b)
	{
		printf("a and b equal\n");
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
The following procedure is that when the values of a and b are equal, the values of a and b increase by 1 at the same time, but if the values of a and b are not equal, their values remain unchanged.
There is a problem in the code and the expected effect cannot be achieved,
Please correct the error directly in the following code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main()
{  
	int  a,b;
	scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
	if (a==b)
    {
		a++;
	    b++;
    }
	printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);
	return  0;
}

1-

/*
The following procedure is that when the values of a and b are equal, the values of a and b increase by 1 at the same time, but if the values of a and b are not equal, their values remain unchanged.
There is a problem in the code and the expected effect cannot be achieved,
Please correct the error directly in the following code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main()
{  
	int  a,b;
	scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
	if (a==b)
    {
		a++;
	    b++;
    }
	printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);
	return  0;
}

2-

/*
The following procedure is that when the values of a and b are equal, the values of a and b increase by 1 at the same time, but if the values of a and b are not equal, their values remain unchanged.
There is a problem in the code and the expected effect cannot be achieved,
Please correct the error directly in the following code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main()
{  
	int  a,b;
	scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
	if (a==b)
    {
		a++;
	    b++;
    }
	printf("a=%d,b=%d",a,b);
	return  0;
}

3-

//Please write your own code completely below
//Pay attention to the prompt information on the left, input and output requirements, and do not have redundant input and output
#include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
    double sum;
    sum=1.0+1.0/2+1.0/3;//It seems that the priority of operation symbols should be emphasized here
    printf("%.2lf",sum);//It seems that this should emphasize the correspondence between the selection of placeholders and data types during formatting
    return 0;

}

4-

/*
Prediction of height through input data

Let faHeight be his father's height, moHeight his mother's height, and the height prediction formula is
 Male adult height = (faHeight + moHeight) × 0.54cm
 Female adult height = (faHeight) × 0.923 + moHeight)/2cm
 Love physical exercise -- > increase height by 2%
Good hygienic eating habits -- > increase height by 1.5%
*/

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	double high,faHeight,moHeight,percent1=1.00,percent2=1.00;
	char sex,sport,diet;
	scanf("%lf %lf %c %c %c",&faHeight,&moHeight,&sex,&sport,&diet);
	if(sex=='M')
	{  
	    if(sport=='Y')percent1+=0.02;
		if(diet=='Y')percent2+=0.015;    
	  high=(faHeight+moHeight)*0.54;high=high*percent1+high*percent2-high;
	  printf("%.2lf\n",high);
	  	
	}
	if(sex=='F')
	{	
	  if(sport=='Y')percent1+=0.02;
		if(diet=='Y')percent2+=0.015;  
	  high=(faHeight*0.923+moHeight)/2.0;high=high*percent1+high*percent2-high;
	  printf("%.2lf\n",high);		
	}
	
	
	return 0;
}

5-

/*
Calculator application

----Using switch program to design simple calculator application
----Familiar with various operators + - x/
----Format conversion of output statement
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
	char op;
	double a,b,result;
	scanf("%lf %c %lf",&a,&op,&b);
	switch (op)
	{
		case '+':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a+b);
			break;
	    case '-':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a-b);
			break;
		case '*':
			printf("%.2lf",(double)a*b);
			break;
		case '/':
			if(b==0)
			{
				printf("Divisor cannot be 0"); 
				break;
			}
		    printf("%.2lf",(double)a/(double)b);
			break; 
		default:
			printf("Incorrect operator");
			
	}
	
    return 0;	
}

Experiment 2

----Loop structure programming

Basic knowledge

Self operation

#include "stdio.h"
int a = 1;
int main(){
    printf("a = %d ", a++);
    return a;
}

/*--------------------Split line--------------------*/

#include "stdio.h"
int a = 1;
int main() {
    printf("a = %d ", ++a);
    return a;
}

/*--------------------Split line--------------------*/

#include "stdio.h"
int a = 1;
int main() {
    printf("a = %d ", a+=1);
    return a;
}

----C language self addition and self subtraction operator (+ + i / i++) Leon calls it self operation, which is convenient for overview and memory

---- printf("a = %d ", a++); The meaning of a is to output a to a first, and then + 1. Because + + is after the variable, the output is 1

---- printf("a = %d ", ++a); The meaning of is to perform the + 1 operation first, and then perform the output operation of A. because + + is in front of the variable, the output is 2

----printf("a = %d ", a+=1); The meaning of a is to perform + 1 operation first, and then perform a output operation on a, and the output is 2

----The same is true for other similar operation symbols

for loop

for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
    printf("%d",j);
    printf("%d",j);
}

/*--------------------Split line--------------------*/

for(;;num++)
	{
		scanf("%d",&a);
		if(a<=0)
		{
			break;
		}
		sum+=a;
		if(a<60)
		{
			failed++;
		}
		
	}

----The first parameter is the initialization of variables

----The second parameter is to judge whether iteration is required, which is the starting point of each small loop

----The third parameter is used for the end of the for loop to avoid infinite loop. The operation of the third parameter will be executed only when the program in parentheses ends

----You can see that the initial parentheses of the for loop statement can be left blank as long as the code is reasonable

data conversion

avarage=(int)sum/num;

----It can be seen that forced data format conversion can be carried out in the form of (int)

ASCI code

 if(i >= 'a' && i != 'q' && i<='z')

----Is the correspondence between computer characters and codes

----Single quotation marks are used to indicate the corresponding encoding of the internal string – > for example, 'A' actually corresponds to the encoding of the A character, so i > = 'A' is used to compare the value of the string corresponding to variable i on the ASCI I code. This involves the automatic conversion of A data type during operation. For the time being, it is not necessary to know about this operation method

----Here you know, characters and

code

0-

/*Analyze and modify the following program errors to make them run normally.
The program is used to find the sum of integers from 1 to 100. The error code is as follows*/
 void main()
  { int i=1,sum=0;     /*Initialize loop control variable i and accumulator sum*/
     while( i<=100 )
     { sum += i;        /*Realize accumulation*/
        i++;        /*Cycle control variable i increases by 1*/
     }
    printf("sum=%d\n",sum);
  }

1-

/*
It is required to output according to the following digital shape. There is an error in the code, please modify it correctly.
1
123
12345
1234567
 The code is as follows: */
#include<stdio.h>
int  main()
{
	int i,j;
	for(i=1;i<9;)
	{
		for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
		{
			printf("%d",j);
		}
		printf("\n");
		i+=2;
	}

}

2-

/*
Student achievement entry

----Enter the scores of a group of students from the keyboard (ending with a negative number)
----Calculate the average score and count the number of failed grades.
*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int a,b,sum=0,num=0,avarage=0,failed=0;
	
	for(;;num++)
	{
		scanf("%d",&a);
		if(a<=0)
		{
			break;
		}
		sum+=a;
		if(a<60)
		{
			failed++;
		}
		
	}
	avarage=(int)sum/num;
	printf("%d %d",avarage,failed);
}

4-

//Topic 3 (3) count the number of different types of characters entered by the keyboard.
//Please give your schedule #include < stdio h>
int main()
{
    char i;
	int daxie = 0,xiaoxie = 0,qita = 0,count = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        scanf("%c",&i);
        if(i =='q')
        {
            xiaoxie++;
            break;
        }
        else if(i =='Q')
        {
            daxie++;
            break;
        }
        	 if(i >= 'a' && i != 'q' && i<='z')
        	{
        	    xiaoxie++;
        	}
        	else if(i >= 'A' && i != 'Q' && i<='Z')
        	{
        	    daxie++;
        	}
        	else if(i >= '0' && i <= '9')
        	{
        	    count++;
        	}
        	else
        	{
        	    qita++;
        	}
    }	

    printf("%d %d %d %d",count,xiaoxie,daxie,qita);
    return 0;
}

5-

/*Topic 4 write a program and print 99 multiplication tables.
Please give your program and evaluate it. Pay attention to the test set given below. To make it easier to see the code, you can delete the following content after you are familiar with the test set.
1X1=1
1X2=2 2X2=4
1X3=3 2X3=6 3X3=9
1X4=4 2X4=8 3X4=12 4X4=16
1X5=5 2X5=10 3X5=15 4X5=20 5X5=25
1X6=6 2X6=12 3X6=18 4X6=24 5X6=30 6X6=36
1X7=7 2X7=14 3X7=21 4X7=28 5X7=35 6X7=42 7X7=49
1X8=8 2X8=16 3X8=24 4X8=32 5X8=40 6X8=48 7X8=56 8X8=64
1X9=9 2X9=18 3X9=27 4X9=36 5X9=45 6X9=54 7X9=63 8X9=72 9X9=81
 There is a blank space between each expression, and the multiplication sign uses the capital English letter X
*/#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
	int i,j;
	for(i=1;i<10;i++)	
	{
		for(j=1;j<10;j++)
		{    if(j>i)
		{
			break;
		}
			printf("%dX%d=%d ",j,i,i*j);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

6 - change converter

/*
Change conversion calculator

----Change the whole money (< = 100 yuan) with a multiple of 10 yuan into a change combination of 1 yuan, 2 yuan and 5 yuan (each face value should be available).
----Input the denomination to be exchanged (e.g. 10 yuan), and output all possible exchange methods and their quantities.
----Your output is required to be combined from more to less according to the number of 5 yuan, 2 yuan and 1 yuan in turn!

----The hard calculation method is adopted here
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int a,b,c,sum,count=0;
	scanf("%d",&sum);
    //Perform 3 consecutive iterations of for
	for(a=20;a>=1;a--)
	for(b=50;b>=1;b--)
	for(c=100;c>=1;c--)
		if(sum==a*5+b*2+c)
	{
		count++;
		printf("%d %d %d\n",a,b,c);
	}
	printf("%d",count);
	return 0;
	
 }

Experiment 3

Basic knowledge

array

One dimensional array
int num[5]

scanf("%d",&a[0])
    
//The initialization methods are all equivalent to the following methods
    int a[5] = {6,2,4}
	int a[5] = {6,2,4,0,0}
    int a[ ] = {6,2,4,0,0}
	a[0]=6,a[1]=2,a[2]=4,a[3]=0,a[4]=0

----Define an integer data num, which contains five elements: num[0],num[1],num[2],num[3],num[4]

----Focus on the use of arrays - reference variables, which is similar to the use of variables

----Focus on initialization mode

Two dimensional array

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// Position by position assignment one by one
int a[3][4] = {{1,2,3,4},{1,2,3,4},{1,2,3,4}}
int a[3][4] = {1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4}

// Assignment of some elements
int a[3][4] = {{1},{1,5},{1,2,3}}
----The area where the first number is located corresponds to the first layer of parentheses---First dimension
    
// The first dimension may be omitted and the second dimension may not be omitted
int a[][4] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0}
int a[][4] = {{0,0,3},{},{0,10}}
Function parameters
float avgScore(float score[],int N)

Character array

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----The method is exactly the same as that of an ordinary two-dimensional array

----During initialization, A[i] = '\ 0'// The end mark of the string to prevent random code -- characters and arrays must be looked at here -- let's look at it later

Character processing

//Get and output string
puts(str); /* print(%os",str); */
gets(str); /* scanf("%s",str); */

//Splice string
{char a[20] ="Visual";
char b[]="C++";
strcat(a ,b);
printf("%s\n", a);// Visual C++
 
//Copy b into a or c
char b[]= "C++",
c[] ="Visual";
strcpy(a, c);
strcat(a, b);
printf("%s\n", a);

//Compare the size of ASCI codes one by one from left to right
//If string 1 < string 2, return a negative integer; If string 1 > string 2, return a positive integer; Returns zero if string 1 = = string 2
char str1[] ="Hell0!", str2[] ="Hello!";
if(strcmp(strl, str2)>0)
printf("Hell0!> Hello!");
else if(strcmp(strl, str2)==0)
printf("Hell0!= = Hello!");
else 
printf("Hell0!< Hello!"); 

//Get character length
char str1[] = "Hello!"', str2[] = "How are you?";
int len1,len2，len3;
len1=strlen(str1) ;
len2=strlen(str2);
printf(len1=%d len2=%d",len 1,len2);

//Case conversion
//strlwr(str) function: converts uppercase letters to lowercase letters in a string
//strupr(str) function: converts lowercase letters into uppercase letters in a string

//Convert string to floating point number
a = atof(strA);

Bubble sorting

#include <stdio. h> / / bubble sorting optimization
#define N 6
void main ( )
{
int a[N], i, j, t,flag=1;//When it is 1, it indicates that there is an exchange

//Enter N integers -- get data
printf ("input %d numbers: \n", N);
for(i=0;i<N; i++)scanf ("%d", &a[i);
	
//sort
for(i=1;i< N; i++) //N-1 bubble sort
	{
	if(flag== =0) break; //Indicates that there was no exchange in the previous - trip----
	else {flag=0; //The initial is no exchange
	for(j=0;j<N_i; j++)//Bubble sort
	{
	if(a[j] > a[j+1]) //Exchange a[j] and a[j+1]
	{t= a[j]; a[j] = a[j+1]; a[j+1]= t; flag=1;}
	}
	}
	
printf ("the sorted numbers:\n");
for(i=0;i<N; i++)printf ("%d ", a[i]);，
}

code

0-

/*
Correct the following program errors so that it can count the sum of array elements and output.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int  main(void)
{   
    int sum=0;
	int a[5]={5,4,3,2,1};
	int i;
	for (i=0;i<5;i++)
	{
		sum=sum+a[i];
	}
	printf("sum=%d\n",sum);
	return  0;
}

1-

/*
Input array output processing results

----Input test set into array a 
----Output the maximum and minimum values in a and find the average value (two decimal places). 
*/

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{	int i,j,k,a[i];
	int max,min;
	double avar,sum=0;
	scanf("%d",&i);

	for(j=0;j<i;j++)
	{
		scanf("%d",&k);
		a[j]=k;	 
		sum=sum+k;
	}
	max = a[0];
	min = a[0];
	for(j=0;j<i;j++)
	{
	 if(a[j]>=max)
	 {
	 	max=a[j];
	 }
	 if(a[j]<=min)
	 
	 {
	 	min=a[j];
	 }
	}
	
	printf("%d %d ",max,min);
	avar=(double)sum/i;
	printf("%2.2lf",avar);
	
} 
// The simplest sorting algorithm
/*
max = a[0];
	min = a[0];
	for(j=0;j<i;j++)
	{
	 if(a[j]>=max)
	 {
	 	max=a[j];
	 }
	 if(a[j]<=min)
	 
	 {
	 	min=a[j];
	 }
	}
*/

2-

/*
----The score is divided into 10 grades of 1 ~ 10
----1 Indicates the lowest score and 10 indicates the highest score
----Print out the histogram of statistical results in the following form
--------The first column represents the score
--------The second column indicates the number of scores
--------The third column shows the result statistics
--------Each column of data is separated by TAB character. Even if the number of scoring values is 0, there is still a TAB character after the quantity value 0
--------The last line of the test case is followed by a carriage return (\ n)
INPUT 
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 8 8 9 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 6
OUTPUT
1       3       ***
2       3       ***
3       3       ***
4       3       ***
5       3       ***
6       4       ****
7       6       ******
8       7       *******
9       7       *******
10      1       *

*/
    
    
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int i,score,count;
	int a[10]={0};
	for(i=0,count=0;i<40;i++)
	{
		scanf("%d",&score);
		switch(score)
		{
			case 1:
				a[0]++;break;
			case 2:
				a[1]++;break;
			case 3:
				a[2]++;break;
			case 4:
				a[3]++;break;
			case 5:
				a[4]++;break;
			case 6:
				a[5]++;break;
			case 7:
				a[6]++;break;
			case 8:
				a[7]++;break;
			case 9:
				a[8]++;break;
			case 10:
				a[9]++;break;
		}
	}
	for(i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		printf("%d\t%d\t",i+1,a[i]);
		for(;a[i]>0;a[i]--)
		{
			printf("*");
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	return 0;
}

Experiment 4

Basic knowledge

Declarative function

long fact(long a);

----It is used to avoid that functions cannot be read normally due to the order relative relationship between functions

----The function name and parameters should be written

code

0-

/*
Find the maximum of two numbers through the custom function max

----Correct mistakes
*/
#include<stdio.h>
int max1(int a, int b)
{	
	int max; 
	  if(a>b)
     		max=a;
   		else
     		max=b;
 
		return max;
}
int  main()
{
	int  max,x,y;
	
	scanf("%d%d",&x ,&y);
	max=max1(x,y);
	printf("max=%d",max);
	return   0;
}

1-

#include<stdio.h>
long fact(long a); 
	


void main()
{
	long n,result=0;
    long i,sum;
    scanf("%ld",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {	   
    	result+=fact(i);
    	//printf("%d\n",result) ;
    }
    printf("1!+2!+...+n!=%ld",result);
    
}

long fact(long a)
{
	int j,sum=1;
	for(j=1;j<=a;j++)
	{
		sum=sum*j;
		
	}
	return sum;
}

2-

/*
Count the average score of students in a class (no more than 40 in total)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAXNUM 40

void inputScore(float score[],int N);
float avgScore(float score[],int N);

int main()
{
    float score[MAXNUM],avg;
    int N;
    scanf("%d",&N);
    /******Add the code to check the legitimacy of N. if n is not in the range of 2-40, output: input error, and exit the program******/
    while(N>40||N<2)
    {
    	printf("Input error");
    	return 0;
	}
    
    
    /*******end*************************************************************************/
    inputScore(score,N);
    avg=avgScore(score,N);
    printf("The average score is%.2f",avg);
    return 0;
}
/******Please add the code defining the above two functions below according to the task requirements*******/

void inputScore(float score[],int N)
{
	int i=0,k=0;float temp;
	for(;i<N;)
	{
		scanf("%f",&temp);
		if(temp>100||temp<0)
		{
			printf("Please re-enter\n");
				continue;
			
		}
		score[i]=temp;
		//printf("%f",score[i]); 
		i++;
		
	}
	
}

float avgScore(float score[],int N)
{
	float sum=0,avg;
    int i=0;
	for(;i<N;i++)
	{
		
		sum+=score[i];
	}
	avg=(float)sum/N;
	return avg;
}

Experiment 5

Basic knowledge

Command line parameters

code

0-

#include<stdio.h> 
#include<string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/*
----Turn the executable file generated after the program is built (assuming the file name is mycal.exe) to c: \ at the command prompt
----Type Mycal 100 + 200 and the result is 300.00; Type Mycal 100 * 200, and the result is 20000.00, etc

*/

//s: A string in the form of a [operator] b, for example: 4.5 + 9,6-9,4 / 5,8 * 7... --- > Requirement string
//After processing, the function outputs the operation result of the number. For example, if s is "20.3 + 1", the function outputs 21.30 (2 significant digits after the decimal point are reserved) - > output content on the screen
//The basic algorithm of internal operation of this function is:
//Step 1: find the position index corresponding to the operator
//Step 2: copy the preceding string to strA and the following string to strB according to the operator position
//Step 3: convert strA and strB into numerical values (use the function atof, please refer to Baidu for specific usage) a and b
//Step 4: perform corresponding operations on a and b according to the operator
//Step 5: output operation result


/*
 * Function name: copy
 * Function: copy the numeric strings on both sides of the operator in the string s to A and B respectively 
 */
void copy(char* s, char* A, char* B, int index)
{
	int len = strlen(s);
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < index; i++) A[i] = s[i];
	A[i] = '\0'; //When assigning a value to a string, the last end should be set to \ 0 to prevent garbled code 
	for (i = index + 1, j=0; i < len; i++, j++) B[j] = s[i];
	B[i] = '\0';
}

void  processUserInputStr(char* s)
{
	int len = strlen(s); //Number of valid characters in s
	int i;
	int index = -1;
	char strA[100] = "", strB[100] = "";     //a. B is used to store the number after string conversion, and result is used to save the operation result
	double a, b, result;
    
	//Stra and STRB are respectively used to store the string corresponding to two operands
	s[len] = '\0';
    
    // Find the index of the operator
	for (i = 1; i < len; i++) //Find the operator from the second character. The operator of the first character can be a sign 
	{
		if (s[i] == '+' || s[i] == '-' || s[i] == '*' || s[i] == '/')
		{
			index = i;
			break;
		}
	}
    
    //Judgment of whether operator expression format is detected
	if (index == -1)	//No operator detected 
	{
		printf("Please enter the correct expression!");
		return;
	}
    
    
	copy(s, strA, strB, index);
	a = atof(strA);
	b = atof(strB);
	switch (s[index])
	{
	case '+': result = a + b; break;
	case '-': result = a - b; break;
	case '*': result = a * b; break;
	case '/': result = a / b; break;
	default: printf("Please confirm whether the expression is reasonable!");
	}
	printf("%.2f", result); 
}

// int main(int argc, char* argv[])
// {
// 	//When testing the code, use the following two lines of code to comment out the third line 
// 	// char str[100] = "-123*-10\0";
// 	// processUserInputStr(str);
// 	processUserInputStr(argv[1]);
// 	return 0;
// }

1-

/*
----Enter an integer (no more than 100)
----Stored in array a
----Sort and output in ascending or descending order
*/
// Exchanging the values of two arrays using pointers the exchange of values at two positions
void swap(double* x,double* y)
{
	double i;
	i=*x;
	*x=*y;
	*y=i;
}
/********swap End of function definition**************/
/****************Start with all other function definitions**********/
// Data entry
void inputData(double* date,int N)
{
	for(int k=0;k<N;k++)
	{
		scanf("%lf",&date[k]);
	}
}

// Array sorting
void sortData(double* date,int N,int mode)
{
	if(mode==0)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<N-1;i++)
			for(int j=0;j<N-1-i;j++)
				if(date[j]>date[j+1])
				{
					swap(date+j,date+j+1);
				}
	}
	else
	{
		for(int i=0;i<N-1;i++)
			for(int j=0;j<N-1-i;j++)
				if(date[j]<date[j+1])
				{
					swap(date+j,date+j+1);
				}		
	}
}

// Output function
void outputData(double* a,int N)
{
	for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
	{
		printf("%.2f ",a[i]);
	}
}

Experiment 6

Basic knowledge

structural morphology

Initialization and definition
struct student

{

int num ;

char name[20];

char sex;

int age;

float score ;

char addr[30];

};

struct student stu1,stu2;

//------------------------Split line------------------------

struct student

{

int num ;

char name[20];

char sex;

int age;

float score ;

char addr[30];

}stu1,stu2;

----Note: define before naming

quote

stu.name=10;
stu.score=85.5;

code

----Structure related knowledge, add it in two days

Experiment 7

Basic knowledge

File reading and writing

fopen(File name, opening method)；
fclose(fp);
a = fgetc(fp) //Get a character
fgets(str,n,fp) //Get a character with length n and save it to str    
fputc(ch,fp)//Write a ch string to the file
fputs(str,fp)//Write the str string to the file pointer variable fp
fprintf(fp,"%d %d",i,f);//Import into a file in the specified format
fscanf(fp,"%d %d",&i,&f);//Gets the value from the file in the specified format
Document processing methodmeaningThe specified file does not exist
"r" (read only)To enter data, open an existing text filereport errors
"W" (write only)To output data, open a text fileTo output data, open a text file and create a new file
"a" (added)Add data to the end of a text fileerror
"rb" (read only)To enter data, open a binary fileerror
"wb" (write only)To output data, open a binary fileCreate new file
"ab" (additional)Add data to the end of a binary fileerror
"r +" (read / write)To read and write, open a text fileerror
"w +" (read / write)Create a new text file for reading and writingCreate new file
"a +" (read / write)To read and write, open a text fileerror
"rb +" (read / write)To read and write, open a binary fileerror
"wb +" (read / write)Create a new binary file for reading and writingCreate new file
"ab +" (read / write)Open a binary file for reading and writingerror

code

/*
----Enter the score information of a class of students in a course, including student number, name, usual score and examination score
----The total score (= 20%) is obtained through calculation × Usual score + 80% × Test scores) and be able to store these information in text files;
----It can read all student information from the file and query the student information with the lowest and highest overall score, and display it completely.

The student information is saved to a text file in the following format:
001 Zhang San 34.00 56.00 51.60
002 Li Si 68.00 90.00 85.60
*/


#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include "student.h"
//Please give the complete definition of the user-defined functions used in the program below

void inputInformation(Student* stus, int N)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        printf("student%d Student number, name, usual score, examination score(Space separation):\n", i);//Output information
        scanf("%s%s%f%f", &stus[i].stu_number, &stus[i].stu_name, &stus[i].usual_mark, &stus[i].exam_mark);//pick up information
        stus[i].overall_mark = stus[i].usual_mark * 0.2 + stus[i].exam_mark * 0.8;
    }//Score calculation
}//void does not need to return a value



void saveInformation(Student* stus, int N, char* filename)
{
    FILE* fp;//Remember the fixed operation first
    fp = fopen("filename", "w");
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        fprintf(fp, "%s %s %.2f %.2f %.2f\n", stus[i].stu_number, stus[i].stu_name, stus[i].usual_mark, stus[i].exam_mark, stus[i].overall_mark);
    }
    fclose(fp);
}



void outputInformation(char* filename)
{
    printf("All students:\n");
    Student min, max, * stus;
    stus = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student) * 10);
    int i = 0;
    FILE* fp;
    fp = fopen("filename", "r");
    while (fscanf(fp, "%s %s %f %f %f", &stus[i].stu_number, &stus[i].stu_name, &stus[i].usual_mark, &stus[i].exam_mark, &stus[i].overall_mark) != EOF)
    {
        printf("Student number=%s,full name=%s,Usual performance=%.2f,Examination results=%.2f,Total Mark =%.2f\n", stus[i].stu_number, stus[i].stu_name, stus[i].usual_mark, stus[i].exam_mark, stus[i].overall_mark);
        i++;
    }
    fclose(fp);
    min = max = stus[0];
    for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)
    {
        if (min.overall_mark > stus[j].overall_mark)
        {
            min = stus[j];
        }
        if (max.overall_mark < stus[j].overall_mark)
        {
            max = stus[j];
        }
    }
    printf("Lowest score student:\n");
    printf("Student number=%s,full name=%s,Usual performance=%.2f,Examination results=%.2f,Total Mark =%.2f\n", min.stu_number, min.stu_name, min.usual_mark, min.exam_mark, min.overall_mark);
    printf("Highest score student:\n");
    printf("Student number=%s,full name=%s,Usual performance=%.2f,Examination results=%.2f,Total Mark =%.2f\n", max.stu_number, max.stu_name, max.usual_mark, max.exam_mark, max.overall_mark);
    free(stus);
}

Basic knowledge not used in the experiment but required

Constants - Definitions

#define PI 3.1415926

const double eps = 0.001; //Error accuracy

getchar & putchar

  a = getchar();
  putchar(a);

----The output of a is equivalent to scanf and printf, which are simplified input-output statements

do while

/*From 1 to 100*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main0
int i= 1,sum=0;
do
{
sum=sum+i; 
i++;
}
while(i<= 100];
      
printf("sum=%d\n" ,sum);
return 0;
}

----The difference from while is that while judges before execution, while do while executes before judgment

continue

void main()
{
    int i=0;
    while(i<10)
    {
        if(i<1)continue;
        if(i==5)break;
        i++;
}
    
}

----It is used to jump out of this cycle of the cycle body and enter the next cycle; Corresponding to break

Keywords: C

Added by Megalink on Wed, 05 Jan 2022 15:51:58 +0200

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