The following commands are commonly used in Linux system, because I don't want to remember any commands, so I will record some of the commands I think are commonly used to facilitate future query. This article updates some new commands irregularly. Classification is based on my own preferences \ experience. It may be a little different from other people's classification.
Change system status class Command
init
Using such commands generally requires root permission;
init 0 # Shutdown init 6 # restart reboot #restart
View system resource class commands
OP commonly used
vmstat
# vmstat [refresh delay] [refresh frequency] vmstat 1 3 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 2 0 0 2298560 201728 748024 0 0 2 1 29 23 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 2298428 201728 748024 0 0 0 0 266 270 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 2298428 201728 748024 0 0 0 0 247 236 0 0 100 0 0
free
# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 4037772 789260 2298740 22276 949772 2952424
Swap: 2094076 0 2094076Operation file class Command
RD commonly used
tail
For continuous observation of log file changes.
Use case:
# grammar tail -f /log_name_path # Ctrl + C is quit tail -f /log_name_path* | grep Keyword # Show only keyword related logging
zip
Word shorthand zipper is zipper, zipper is not to pack files. un has a negative prefix. upzipper unlocks the zipper. It just needs to pour out all the packed items.
# Compress and specify directory zip -r /home/kms/kms.zip /home/kms/server/kms # Extract and specify directory unzip /home/kms/kms.zip -d /home/kms/server/kms
Communication command
RD, OP, Security common
scp
$scp -r root@88.88.88.88:/tmp/filename ./tmp password:
Find class Command
Generally used to combine other commands;
grep
If there is a demand for code audit under the Linux terminal, the system also does not have ide tools. If you want to search in the project directory, those files contain characters that call the current functions and variables.
grep -in "function/variable" -r ./home/my/www/cms -i Ignore the case of letters when comparing. -n Place the relevant line number in the file before each line. The starting line number of each file is 1. When processing each file, the line counter will be reset. - r What directory path to search from
shopt
In short, it is the enhanced version of the command line. The original command line can't use the regular matching pattern. It can be used through short.
The short command is used to display and set behavior options in the shell to enhance shell usability.
The short command displays all the shell operation options that can be set without any parameter options.
Case study:
# grammar shopt -s extglob #Open the short command shopt -u extglob #Close the short command # After opening # Delete files whose filename does not end in jpg rm -rf !(*jpg) # Delete files with names ending in jpg or png rm -rf *@(jpg|png) # Delete all files in the current folder except css and js shopt -s extglob rm -rf !(css | js) shopt -u extglob
Five modes that can be matched:
? (pattern list) - the given pattern matches 0 or 1 times
*(pattern list) - the given pattern matches more than 0 times, including 0 times
+(pattern list) - the given pattern matches more than once, including once
@(pattern list) - the given pattern only matches once
! (pattern list) - does not match the given pattern in parentheses
When using short in zsh shell, you need to pay attention to:
When an error is reported as follows,
zsh: no matches found: !(js|css)
Solve,
# Switch to bash: exec bash # Then? source ~/.bashrc # After using short, you can switch back to zsh mode exec zsh
Because zsh uses env configuration file ~ /. zshrc instead of ~ /. bashrc, zsh does not have this function.