Overview of LAMP architecture
Introduction to LAMP
LAMP is the acronym of Linux operating system + Apache Web server + MySQL database server + PHP (or Perl, Python) web programming language.
They are all independent programs, but together they can be used to build open source software for dynamic websites or servers.
Function of each component
Linux - platform
Linux is the basis of LAMP architecture. It provides the operating system used to support the Web site, and can provide better stability and compatibility with the other three components (AMP components also support Windows, UNIX and other platforms).
Apache - front desk
As the front end of LAMP architecture, Apache is a powerful and stable Web server program. The server directly provides users with website access, sending Web pages, pictures and other file contents.
MySQL - background
MySQL, as the back end of LAMP architecture, is a popular open source relational database system.
In enterprise websites, business systems and other applications, various account information, product information, customer information and business data can be stored in MySQL database. Other programs can query and change these information through SQL statements.
PHP/Perl/Python - intermediate connection
PHP/Perl/Python: as three programming languages for developing dynamic Web pages, it is responsible for interpreting dynamic Web page files, communicating the Web server and database system to work together, and providing the development and running environment of Web applications.
PHP is a widely used open source multi-purpose scripting language, which can be embedded in HTML, especially suitable for Web application development. (this chapter is written in PHP language)
Sequence of building LAMP platform
When building the LAMP platform, the installation sequence of each component is Linux → Apache → MySQL → PHP. Apache and MySQL are not installed in strict order. The installation of PHP environment is generally put at the end, which is responsible for communicating the Web server and database system to work together.
Compile and install Apache httpd
1.Turn off the firewall and install Apache Transfer the required software package to/opt Under the directory systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz apr-1.6.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz #apr component package is used to support Apache upper application cross platform and provide lower interface library, which can effectively reduce the number of concurrent connections, processes and access congestion. 2.Install environment dependent packages yum -y install \ gcc \ #C language compiler gcc-c++ \ #C + + compiler make \ #Source code compiler (source code to binary file) pcre \ #pcre is a perl function library, including perl compatible regular expression library pcre-devel \ #perl interface development package expat-devel \ #It is used to support the website to parse HTML and XML files perl #perl compiler ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel expat-devel perl 3.Configuration software module cd /opt/ tar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz tar jxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 mv apr-1.6.2 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr mv apr-util-1.6.0 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util cd /opt/httpd-2.4.29/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \ #Specify the path where the httpd service program will be installed --enable-so \ #Enable dynamic loading module support to enable httpd to further expand its functions --enable-rewrite \ #Enable the web address rewriting function for website optimization, anti-theft chain and directory migration maintenance --enable-charset-lite \ #Start character set support to support pages encoded with various character sets --enable-cgi #Enable CGI (general Gateway Interface) script program support to facilitate the external expansion of application access capability of the website ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi 4.Compilation and installation make #make -j 2 means to open 2 cores and compile at the same time make install 5.Optimize the configuration file path and httpd The executable program file of the service is put into the directory of the path environment variable for system identification ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/ ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ 6.add to httpd system service Method 1: cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd #Used for service management chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd vi /etc/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash #Insert a new line before the first line and add these three lines # chkconfig: 35 85 21 #Level 35 automatic operation, 85th start, 21st close # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server chkconfig --add httpd #Add httpd service to service manager systemctl start httpd.service or service httpd start Method 2: vim /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server #describe After=network.target #Describe service category [Service] Type=forking #Background operation mode PIDFile=/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid #PID file location ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/apachectl $OPTIONS #Start service ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID #According to PID overload configuration [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target systemctl start httpd.service systemctl enable httpd.service 7.modify httpd Service profile vim /etc/httpd.conf --52 that 's ok--modify Listen 192.198.19.88:80 --197 that 's ok--Uncomment, modify ServerName www.feng.com:80 --221 that 's ok--Default home page storage path DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs" --255 that 's ok--Default home page file name setting DirectoryIndex index.html httpd -t or apachectl -t #Check whether the configuration items of the configuration file are incorrect cat /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html systemctl restart httpd.service 8.Browser access verification netstat -anpt | grep 80 echo "192.168.19.88 www.feng.com" >> /etc/hosts http://192.168.19.88 http://www.feng.com
Compile and install mysqld
1.Will install mysql Transfer the required software package to/opt Under the directory mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz boost_1_59_0.tar.gz #Runtime supporting c + + 2.Install environment dependent packages yum -y install \ gcc \ gcc-c++ \ ncurses \ #Dynamic library of graphic interactive function under character terminal ncurses-devel \ #ncurses development kit bison \ #Parser cmake #mysql needs to be compiled and installed with cmake ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake 3.Configuration software module tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz cd /opt mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost #rename cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the installation path of mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ #Specify the storage path of mysql process listening socket file (database connection file) -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ #Specify the storage path of the configuration file -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the storage path of the process file -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #Specifies the character set encoding used by default, such as utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ #Specifies the default character set collation rule to use -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #Specifies that other character set encodings are supported -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Install INNOBASE storage engine -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Installing the ARCHIVE storage engine -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Installing the BLACKHOLE storage engine -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Install FEDERATED storage engine -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #Specify the storage path of the database file -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ #Specify the path of boost. If MySQL boost integration package is used for installation, - DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 #Generate files for systemctl management Storage engine options: MYISAM，MERGE，MEMORY，and CSV The engine is compiled into the server by default and does not need to be explicitly installed. Statically compile a storage engine to the server, using-DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE= 1 Available storage engine values are: ARCHIVE, BLACKHOLE, EXAMPLE, FEDERATED, INNOBASE (InnoDB), PARTITION (partitioning support), and PERFSCHEMA (Performance Schema) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 Note: if CMAKE There are errors in the process of. When the errors are solved, you need to put the errors in the source directory CMakeCache.txt Delete the file and then try again CMAKE，Otherwise, the error remains 4.Compilation and installation make && make install 5.establish mysql user useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql 6.modify mysql configuration file vim /etc/my.cnf #Delete the original configuration item and add the following content again [client] #Client settings port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] #Server settings port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock auto-rehash #Turn on the automatic completion function [mysqld] #Service global settings user = mysql #Set management user basedir=/usr/local/mysql #Specify the installation directory of the database datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specify the storage path of the database file port = 3306 #Specify port character-set-server=utf8 #Set the encoding format of the server character set to utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid #Specify pid process file path socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Specify database connection file bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #Set the listening address. 0.0.0.0 means that all IP addresses are allowed. If multiple IP addresses are allowed, they should be separated by spaces skip-name-resolve #Disable DNS resolution max_connections=2048 #Set the maximum number of mysql connections default-storage-engine=INNODB #Specify the default storage engine max_allowed_packet=16M #Set the maximum packet size received by the database server-id = 1 #Specify service ID number sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sql_mode Common values are as follows: NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION If the required storage engine is disabled or not compiled,Then throw an error. When this value is not set,Replace with default storage engine,And throw an exception STRICT_TRANS_TABLES In this mode,If a value cannot be inserted into a transaction table,Then interrupt the current operation,No restrictions on non transaction tables NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER prohibit GRANT Create a user with a blank password NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO mysql The self growing column in can start with 0. By default, the self growth column starts from 1. If you insert data with a value of 0, an error will be reported NO_ZERO_IN_DATE Zero date and month are not allowed NO_ZERO_DATE mysql Zero date insertion is not allowed in the database,Inserting a zero date throws an error instead of a warning ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO stay INSERT or UPDATE In the process, if the data is divided by zero, an error is generated instead of a warning. By default, when the data is divided by zero MySQL return NULL PIPES_AS_CONCAT take"||"Treat as a concatenation operator of a string rather than an or operator, which is similar to Oracle The database is the same as the string splicing function Concat Similar ANSI_QUOTES Enable ANSI_QUOTES You cannot use double quotation marks to refer to a string after, because it is interpreted as an identifier ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [client] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES 7.change mysql Primary group of installation directories and configuration files chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf 8.Set path environment variable echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile 9.Initialize database cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ #Generation initialization password is null --user=mysql \ #Specify administrative users --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the installation directory of the database --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specify the storage path of the database file ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 10.add to mysqld system service cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ #For systemctl service management systemctl daemon-reload #Refresh recognition systemctl start mysqld.service #Open service systemctl enable mysqld #Power on self start netstat -anpt | grep 3306 #View port 11.modify mysql Login password for mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123" #Set the password to abc123 for the root account, and the prompt is the original password (empty) 12.Authorize remote login mysql -u root -p grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123'; #The root user is authorized to log in remotely at all terminals with the password abc123, and has operation authority on all databases and tables show databases; #View existing databases
Compile and install PHP
1.Will install PHP Transfer the required software package to/opt Under the directory php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 2.install GD Library and GD Library Association program, which is used to process and generate pictures yum -y install \ gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel 3.Configuration software module cd /opt tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 cd /opt/php-7.1.10/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ #Specify the path where the PHP program will be installed --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ #Specifies the file location of the apxs module support program provided by the Apache httpd service --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ #Specify the storage path of mysql database connection file --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 #Set the configuration file for PHP Where ini will be stored --with-mysqli \ #add to MySQL Extended support #mysqli extension technology can not only call MySQL stored procedures and handle MySQL transactions, but also make accessing the database more stable --with-zlib \ #Support zlib function and provide data compression --with-curl \ #Enable curl extension function to realize HTTP Get download and Post request --with-gd \ #Activate gd library support --with-jpeg-dir \ #Activate jpeg support --with-png-dir \ #Activate png support --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ #Enable multi byte string function to support Chinese and other codes --enable-xml \ #Open extensible markup language module --enable-session \ #conversation --enable-ftp \ #Text transfer protocol --enable-pdo \ #function library --enable-tokenizer \ #Token interpreter --enable-zip #ZIP compression format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip 4.Compilation and installation make && make install 5.Copy template file as PHP And modify it cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/php.ini #Use PHP. PHP when testing the environment Ini development file, while using PHP in the production environment Ini production file vim /usr/local/php7/php.ini --1170 that 's ok--modify mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --939 that 's ok--Uncomment, modify date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai 6.Optimize handle PHP The executable program file is put into the directory of path environment variable for system identification ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ php -m #See which modules PHP loads 7.modify httpd Service profile, let apache support PHP vim /etc/httpd.conf --393 that 's ok--Insert the following AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps --255 that 's ok--Modify home page file name settings DirectoryIndex index.html index.php ---Check support php7 Does the module exist------ LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so 8.verification PHP test page rm -rf /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> systemctl restart httpd.service Browser access http://192.168.19.88
Practical operation ---- installation Forum
1.Create database and authorize mysql -u root -p CREATE DATABASE bbs; #Create a database GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123'; #Grant the authority of all tables in the bbs database to bbsuser and set the password admin123 flush privileges; #Refresh database show databases; 2.Unzip the forum zip unzip /opt/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt/dis cd /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/ cp -r upload/ /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs #Upload site update package 3.Change the owner of the forum directory ps aux #The user name of the forum process is daemon cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs chown -R daemon ./config chown -R daemon ./data chown -R daemon ./uc_client chown -R daemon ./uc_server/data 4.Browser access verification Forum page access http://192.168.19.88/bbs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Database server: localhost ###localhost is used for local erection. How to fill in the IP address and port number instead of on the local machine Database name: bbs Database user name: bbsuser Database password: admin123 administrator account :admin Administrator password:admin123 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Forum background administrator page http://192.168.19.88/bbs/admin.php