Master MySQL installation from the root, and so on. Installing other c/c + + software through source code on linux platform is similar.
one Installation mode
The installation package of linux is divided into RPM package, binary package and source package.
Different installation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Compare the three
|
|
RPM |
Binary |
Source code |
|
advantage |
Simple installation, suitable for beginners |
Simple installation; Good flexibility; Multiple versions of MySQL software can be installed on a single server |
Independent of the platform, it can be customized and compiled on demand, which is the most flexible; Best performance; Multiple versions of MySQL software can be installed on a single server |
|
shortcoming |
The client and server need to be downloaded separately; The installation path is not flexible, and the default path cannot be modified. One server can only install one version of MySQL software |
It has been compiled, and its performance is not as good as that of the source code; Unable to customize compilation parameters flexibly |
The installation process is complex; Long compilation time |
|
File layout |
/usr/bin (client programs and scripts) /usr/sbin (mysqld server) /var/lib/mysql (log file and database) /usr/share/man (Linux documentation page) /usr/include/mysql (including (header) file) /usr/lib/mysql (library file) /usr/share/mysql (error message and character set file) |
bin (client programs, mysqld servers, and utilities) docs (documents) man (Linux documentation page) Include (include (header) file) lib (library file) share (error message and dictionary, SQL file for installing database) Support files |
bin (client programs, mysqld servers, and utilities) docs (documents) man (Linux documentation page) Include (include (header) file) lib (library file) share (error message and dictionary, SQL file for installing database) Support files |
The essential difference between binary and source code is that there are many source code installations: the process of compiling parameter configuration, compiling and installing source code programs into binary, but these three steps are the most time-consuming.
two Reasons for choosing source installation
The reason is very simple: it has nothing to do with the platform. It can be customized and compiled on demand, which is the most flexible; Best performance; You can install to the directory you want to install, and support multiple versions of MySQL on a single server.
The binary installation package directly downloaded from the official website is the default compilation parameters configured according to the general situation. Some default compilation configurations may not be what you want. At this time, you should customize the compilation parameters as needed in the compilation stage to make binary MySQL installation packages that fully meet your own requirements. For example, only utf8mb4 encoding is supported for compilation.
2.1. How to choose the installation method
Users do not want to install the simplest but not flexible RPM package, nor do they want to install complex and time-consuming source packages. They choose binary installation.
The performance requirements of the database are higher. I hope to customize the compilation parameter options more flexibly and choose the source code installation.
three setup script
Installation environment for demonstration process:
Memory: 2 G Disk: 50 G System: CentOS 7.9 Compilation environment:gcc-10.2.0,cmake-3.21.3 Database version: mysql-8.0.27
3.1. Environment preparation before MySQL installation
Minimum hardware requirements: 2G memory and 40G disk
This is very important!!! At first, I only gave the virtual machine 20G disk, but less than half of the compiled disk was full.
3.1.1. Install some dependencies
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel openssl openssl-devel bison bzip2
On Solaris Express, you also need to install dependencies: m4
3.1.2. Installing gcc 10.2.0
1.Download:wget -P /home https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/gcc/gcc-10.2.0/gcc-10.2.0.tar.gz2.Decompression:cd /home && tar -xzvf /home/gcc-10.2.0.tar.gz3.Configure dependencies:cd /home/gcc-10.2.0 && ./contrib/download_prerequisites
If error: Cannot download gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 from ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/ error
wget https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
If an error is reported and other files cannot be downloaded, go to https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/ Download the corresponding file and copy it to / home/gcc-10.2.0.
4.Create installation folder:mkdir /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/10.2.05.Create compilation folder:mkdir /home/gcc-build-10.2.0 cd /home/gcc-build-10.2.06.Configure installation files:../gcc-10.2.0/configure --prefix=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/10.2.0/ --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib7.Compilation and installation:make && make install
Come back in two hours to see if it's installed
8. Back up the original gcc
mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8.5 mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8.5
9. Link new gcc
alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8.5 88 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8.5 alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/10.2.0/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc 99 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/10.2.0/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-g++ alternatives --config gcc Type the option number:2
View gcc version
gcc -v
10. Replace library link
rm -f /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 ln -s /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/10.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
These errors may occur when using libstdc++.so.6 library links are not replaced
/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.22' not found
View which libraries are currently included
strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC
3.1.3. Installation cmake-3.21.3
see linux Digits: getconf LONG_BIT download cmake: https://cmake.org/download/ Decompression: tar zxvf cmake-3.21.3.tar.gz connect: cd cmake-3.21.3 Boot: ./bootstrap compile: gmake Installation: make install Easy to add soft connection cmake Use of:ln -s /home/software/cmake-3.21.3/bin/cmake /usr/bin/cmake see cmake edition: cmake --version
3.2. Formal installation of MySQL
1. Download the MySQL source package containing the Boost C + + library
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.27.tar.gz
2. Create new users and groups
groupadd mysql && useradd -g mysql mysql
3. Upload to the mysql user directory and unzip it
tar -zxvf mysql-boost-8.0.27.tar.gz && cd mysql-8.0.27
4. Compile the source code parameter configuration with cmake tool
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/mysql/mysql-install \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/mysql-data \ -DWITH_DEBUG=1 \ -DWITH_BOOST=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.27/boost \ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/bin/gcc \ -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/bin/g++ \ -DFORCE_INSOURCE_BUILD=1
For more detailed configuration, please refer to the official document: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_boost
5. Compilation and installation
compile:make
Installation:make install
Compilation error:
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/abi_check] error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/abi_check.dir/all] error 2
The unit test reports an error, but it does not affect the compilation
Solution: gtest_disable_pthreads is set to ON
It takes two hours to compile and install
6. Edit the configuration file: vi /etc/my.cnf
############### Client configuration ############### [client] port = 3306 socket = /home/mysql/mysql-data/mysql.sock ############### Server configuration ############### [mysqld] port = 3306 autocommit = ON character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci basedir = /home/mysql/mysql-install datadir = /home/mysql/mysql-data tmpdir = /home/mysql/mysql-data/tmp socket = /home/mysql/mysql-data/mysql.sock pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql-data/mysql.pid log-error = /home/mysql/mysql-data/log/error.log #mysql8.0 please configure it with forced lowercase before initialization, otherwise an error will be reported in the subsequent configuration lower_case_table_names = 1 [mysql] #Turn off the auto complete sql command function no-auto-rehash
7. Modify directory owner and permission
Data directory chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/mysql-data chmod -R 750 /home/mysql/mysql-data Installation directory chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/mysql-install chmod -R 750 /home/mysql/mysql-install
8. Initialize the database
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
Remember to save the initialization password after initializing the database:
password is generated for root@localhost: 0%HS>=+x/Ttf
9. Start MySQL service
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
or bin/mysqld --user=mysql &
10. Reset login password
Login with initialization password:mysql -u root -p
Change Password:alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
mysql cannot be used normally without resetting
11. Subsequent configuration (easy to manage and use mysql)
Add soft connection
ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-install/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
ln -s /home/mysql/mysql-install/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
It is more convenient to use the official script (mysql.server) to manage MySQL services
It is more convenient to use the official client tool (MySQL) to connect to MySQL services
MySQL service management
Restart service
service mysql restart
Open service
service mysql start
Out of Service
service mysql stop
View status
service mysql status
Force reload
service mysql force-reload
View service: netstat -anp|grep 3306
reference resources:
Official documents: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/source-installation.html
Book: MySQL: database development, optimization, management and maintenance (3rd Edition)
Original is not easy, please indicate the source!!!
Get the PDF download link of relevant Secretary > please pay attention to the official account. 👇， Send: 135810
