1. Pytest installation

In the CMD command window, execute the Pytest test framework installation command: pip install -U pytest

(it means that if it is not installed, it will be installed. If it is installed, it will be upgraded to the latest version)

Check whether the pytest test framework is successfully installed in CMD: pytest – - version

C:\Users\L>pytest --version
pytest 6.1.2

2. Pytest common plug-ins

Pytest has many powerful third-party plug-ins, and these plug-ins can realize many practical operations, and you can also customize pytest plug-ins.

Easy to use, such as:

• Pytest Selenium: integrate Selenium.
• Pytest html: generate automated test reports in html format.
• Pytest rerunfailures: repeated execution of failed case s.
• Pytest xdist: distributed execution of test cases, or multi CPU distribution.
• Pytest ordering: used to change the execution order of test cases.
• Allure pytest: used to generate beautiful test reports.

Pytest plug-in list website: https://plugincompat.herokuapp.com , which contains many plug-in packages. You can choose to use them according to your work needs.

Note: I often install Python toolkit.

Many installation packages may be installed in a Python project. Re installation is required to create a virtual environment (new project), which is very troublesome and time-consuming, or re installation is avoided during project deployment.

You can record all installation packages for an existing project in requirements Txt file, and then click to install all installation packages in another environment.

requirements.txt file, which is used to record all dependent packages and their exact version numbers for deployment in the new environment.

• Use the following command to generate the dependent packages in the current virtual environment into a file with a version number:
  pip freeze > requirements.txt
• When you need to create a full copy of this virtual environment, you can create a new virtual environment and run the following command on it:
  pip install -r requirements.txt

As mentioned above:

We can write the module names of all plug-ins into one txt folder.

pytest-html
pytest-rerunfailures
pytest-xdist
pytest-ordering
allure-pytest

Then execute PIP install - R requirements. On the CMD command line Txt command. (Global installation)

It can also be executed on the command line in PyCharm, but only for this project.

Tip: you can install the specified version of the module

Specify the version by using = =, > =, < =, > <. If not, install the latest version.

For example: PIP install pytest xdist = = 2.2.0

Pytest xdist module version 2.2.0 will be installed.

3. The first example of Pytest running

We can write code directly in the pycham example.

"""
1.Learning objectives
    master pytest Basic methods of writing test cases
2.Operation steps
    2.1 Import pytest
    2.2 Write test cases directly
        Default must be test At the beginning, you can also go to Pytest Modify the beginning of the test case file in.
    2.3 Execute use case
        pytest.main("-s file name")
3.python assert Assert
    assert condition,"Abnormal information"
3.demand
"""

# 1. Import pytest
import pytest


# 2. Write the required test cases
# This type of method represents a function
def test_login():
    print("Login steps")
    # The assertion used by pytest is Python's own assertion assert keyword
    assert "abcd" in "abcdefg"


def test_register():
    print("Registration steps")
    assert False


# 3.setup and teardown
# def setup_function():
#     print("open browser / open APP")
#
# def teardown_function():
#     print("close browser / APP")

# 3. Execute test cases
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Notice the format. The main parameter is a list
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_pytest_01.py"])


"""
Execution results:
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.2, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: J:\PyCharmWorkSpace\Pytest_d\pytest_demo
collected 2 items

test_pytest_01.py 
Login steps.
Registration steps F
(. Indicates success, F (indicates failure)
================================== FAILURES ===================================
________________________________ test_register ________________________________
(The following is a detailed description of the failure)
    def test_register():
        print("Registration steps")
>       assert False
E       assert False

test_pytest_01.py:28: AssertionError
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
FAILED test_pytest_01.py::test_register - assert False
========================= 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.09s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0
"""

4. How the Pytest framework works

(1) Pytest main function mode

• Run all test cases: pytest main()
  You can also add a parameter: pytest main(['-vs'])

  Tip: note that all test cases used, including test cases on different files, will be executed.

• Execute the test case of the specified file:
  pytest.main(['-s','-v','test_a.py'])
  You can also pytest main(['-vs','test_a.py'])
• Execute all test cases under the specified package:
  pytest.main(['-vs','./interface_testcase'])

Tip: the argument to the main function is a list data type.

(2) Command line mode

• Run all test cases: pytest
• Execute the test case of the specified file: pytest file path / file name
  For example: pytest - vs/ test_ a.py
• Execute all test cases under the specified package: pytest package path / package name
  For example: pytest - vs/ interface_ testcase

(3) Execute the specified test case through node id

nodeid consists of package name + module file name, separator, class name, method name, function name and parameter. It is divided by:: as follows:

• Run the specified use case class in the module
  pytest -vs ./interface_testcase/test_interface.py::test_01_func
  perhaps
  pytest.main(['-vs' ./interface_testcase/test_interface.py::test_01_func)
• Run the specified use case method in the module
  pytest -vs test_interface.py::test_01_func::test_method
  perhaps
  pytest.main(['-vs' test_interface.py::test_01_func::test_method)

5. Run test cases in PyCharm as Pytest

Step 1:

Click File - > Settings - > tools - > Python integrated tools - > testing

Change the default test runner from unittests to pytest and apply it.

Step 2:

Edit configurations in PyCharm Configure to run test cases in pytest mode.

Click Edit configurations... In the upper right corner of PyCharm,

In Edit configurations Click the + sign in the upper left corner to add Python tests - > pytest

Step 3:

Then select the test file that target runs. You can select module (file name), such as test_01.py, or select the file path scripts path.

After setting, click apply.

last:

After executing the test case, the view result panel is as follows:

You will find that it is much easier to use and more beautiful than checking the test results before.