Graphical python | time and date processing

Author: Han Xinzi@ShowMeAI
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Python date and time

In the development process of python, we often have to deal with time type data. Python has built-in standard libraries such as time and datetime to help us deal with time type. In this section, we will introduce common methods in detail around these two standard libraries.

1.time module

In Python, the time module is mainly used to convert the time stamp into a specific date and time, but the object structure of the time module is simple, which is not suitable for complex operation and representation.

(1) Module usage

There is only time in the time module struct_ Time is a class:

struct_time is a structured time object obtained by converting the number of seconds. Attributes such as year, month, day, hour, minute and second of the object can be obtained through subscript or attribute name. Call gmtime(), localtime(), strptime() and other methods to get struct_time instance.

>>> st = time.localtime()
>>> st
time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=27, tm_hour=19, tm_min=27, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=300, tm_isdst=0)
>>> st.tm_mon
10
>>> st[1]
10
# In struct_ Convert between time and string
>>> time.strftime('%H:%M:%S')
'19:10:37'

>>> time.strptime("30 Nov 00", "%d %b %y")   
time.struct_time(tm_year=2000, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0,
                 tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
import time

# Formatted as 2021-10-27 19:56:36
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))

# Formatted as Sat Mar 28 22:24:24 2016
print(time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", time.localtime()))
 
# Convert format string to timestamp
a = "Wed Oct 27 19:56:36 2021"
print(time.mktime(time.strptime(a,"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")))

2.datetime module

The datetime module supports the operation of date and time. It provides some classes for operating date and time. Most of the functions of the module are implemented around the methods and properties of the following four classes (and the other two classes about time zone).

(1) date class and usage

The date class represents the date type.

Supported operators:

  • It supports comparison operations with another date object, such as = =, ≤, <, ≥, >.
  • It supports addition and subtraction with timedelta object, and the result is still date object.
  • Support subtraction with another date object to get the timedelta object.
  • Hash is supported.

Code example:

# Pass in the year, month and day parameter corresponding to the date, and instantiate the date class
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date(2021, 10, 29)
datetime.date(2021, 10, 29)

# Time can be obtained by timestamp
>>> date.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.date(2021, 10, 29)

>>> d2 = date(2021, 10, 29)
>>> d1 = date(2021, 10, 27)
>>> d2 > d1
True
>>> d2 - d1
datetime.timedelta(days=2)

(2) time class and usage

The time class represents the type of time (hour, minute, second).

Supported operators

  • It supports comparison operations with another time object, such as = =, ≤, <, ≥, >.
  • Hash is supported.

Code example

>>> from datetime import time
>>> t = time.fromisoformat('19:32:10')
>>> t.strftime('%Hh %Mm %Ss')
'19h 32m 10s'

>>> t = time(hour=19, minute=27, second=55)
>>> t.isoformat()
'19:27:55'

(3) datetime class and usage

datetime class represents the time type including date and time, which can be regarded as a combination of date and time instances. Therefore, it has most of the methods and properties of the two objects at the same time.

Supported operators

  • Datetime supports equal comparison with date, but the resu lt must be False. In addition, only comparison operations such as = =, ≤, <, ≥, > with another datetime object are supported.
  • It supports adding with timedelta, and the result is datetime; It supports addition and subtraction with timedelta object. The result is still datetime object. Subtract with another datetime object to get timedelta object.
  • Hash is also supported.

Code example

>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> datetime(year=2021, month=10, day=29)
datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 29, 0, 0)

>>> datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 29, 14, 51, 18, 731235)

>>> datetime.fromisoformat('2021-10-29 16:09:32')
datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 29, 16, 9, 32)

>>> dt = datetime.now()
>>> dt.timestamp()
1635317544.682565

>>> dt.date()
datetime.date(2021, 10, 29)

(4)timedelta

The timedelta class object represents the difference between two datetime objects.

Supported operators

  • It only supports the comparison with another timede lt a, such as = =, ≤, <, ≥, >.
  • The timedelta object supports addition and subtraction. Adding or subtracting datetime and timedelta still returns datetime.
  • timedelta also supports multiplication, division, modulo division and other operators.
  • Hash is supported.
  • timedelta is signed and supports abs() function, which can return the absolute interval between two datetime s.

Code example

>>> from datetime import timedelta
>>> timedelta(days=2)
datetime.timedelta(days=2)

>>> dt1 = datetime.now()
>>> dt2 = datetime.now()
>>> dt2 -dt1
datetime.timedelta(seconds=4, microseconds=476390)

>>> d = timedelta(minutes=3, seconds=35)
>>> d.total_seconds()
215.0

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Extended references

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Keywords: Python Programming AI time datetime

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