LNMP Environment Setup (PHP 7.4.0)

Catalog

Dead work
Install Nginx
Install MySQL
Install PHP
Install Redis
Reference material

As a PHP developer, we must know how to set up a PHP development environment. The mainstream combination of PHP development environment is LAMP and LNMP. This article will introduce how to set up a LNMP development environment on CentOS7. *.

Version description:

CentOS7: 7.7

Nginx: 1.16.1

MySQL:5.7.28

PHP:7.4.0

Dead work

Install wget

wget is a free tool for automatically downloading files from the network, supports downloading through the three most common TCP/IP protocols: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and may use an HTTP proxy.

sudo yum install wget

Install net-tools

Minimize installation of CentOS7 if ifconfig command is not available, net-tools need to be installed, or CentOS6 if installed

sudo yum -y install net-tools

Install vim

sudo yum -y install vim

Configure Display Line Number

vim ~/.vimrc # Edit.vimrc configuration file
set nu # Exit save after entering set nu

Close Firewall

systemctl stop firewalld.service #order to close the firewall
 systemctl disable firewalld.service #Turn off firewall Start-up
 Success of IP test by browser input

Install Nginx

Installation Dependency

(1) To install nginx, you need to compile the source code downloaded from the official website first. The compilation depends on the GCC environment. If there is no GCC environment, you need to install gcc-c++.

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

(2) PCR E is a Perl library, Chinese "Perl compatible regular expression library".Nginx is installed to enable Nginx to support rewrite modules with URI rewriting. Without the pcre library installed, Nginx cannot use Rewrite Module functionality, which is almost necessary for enterprise applications.

yum -y install pcre pcre-devel

(3) The zlib library provides a variety of compression and decompression methods. nginx uses zlib to gzip the contents of http packages, so you need to install the zlib library on Centos.

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel

(4) OpenSSL is a powerful Secure Sockets Layer cryptographic library that includes key cryptographic algorithms, commonly used key and certificate encapsulation management functions, and ssl protocols, and provides rich applications for testing or other purposes.nginx supports not only the http protocol but also https (that is, http is transmitted over the ssl protocol), so the OpenSSL library needs to be installed.

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

Note: The version of pcre installed by the yum installation method is relatively low, but will not affect use at all, but it is better to manually compile and install the latest stable version of openssl on the official website.

Check Base Dependency Packages

After the above dependent installations are complete, you can check whether each dependent installation was successful by following the command

rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel
rpm -qa zlib zlib-devel
rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel

Compile and install Nginx

# Here we put all the installation packages in the / usr/local/src directory for unified management
cd /usr/local/src  #Switch to Package Directory
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz #Download the nginx source package
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M   #Create nginx users to manage nginx programs
tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz  #Unzip nginx source package

cd nginx-1.16.1

#Note that because the openssl location is customized, make will cause errors and you will need to modify a conf file in the nginx source code
#/usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1/auto/lib/openssl/conf, modify method see Impression Notes

#precompile
./configure \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.16.1 \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install #Compile and Install

cd /usr/local
ln -s nginx-1.16.1 nginx  #Create a soft link to nginx

Installation instructions

--prefix=PATH    #Set up the installation stiffness
--user=USER      #Process User Rights
--group=GROUP    #Process User Group Permissions
--with-http_v2_module  # HTTP2
--with-http_stub_status_module   #Activation status information
--with-http_ssl_module  #Activate ssl function

Configuring environment variables

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

Systemd Management

Create and edit a new/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service file

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

And add the following (the configuration here is based on the path where you installed Nginx, which is installed in the / usr/local directory)

[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

The default nginx.service configuration for nginx installed through yum is as follows and can be used as a reference

# /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Overloaded daemon

Reload systemd by executing the following command and scan for new or changed cells

systemctl daemon-reload

Set boot-up self-start

systemctl enable nginx.service # Set boot-up self-start
systemctl disable nginx.service # Cancel Start-Up Self-Service

Common commands for Nginx service management

systemctl status nginx.service # View Nginx status
systemctl start nginx.service # Open Nginx
systemctl stop nginx.service # Close Nginx
systemctl reload nginx.service # Overload Configuration
systemctl restart nginx.service  # Restart Nginx (equivalent to stop&start)

Service Startup Check

This command allows you to query who is using port 80

lsof -i :80

If the command is not recognized, you need to install lsof

sudo yum -y install lsof

Install MySQL

Installation Dependency

(1)cmake is a compilation tool for the new version of MySQL and must be installed

sudo yum -y install ncurses-devel perl perl-devel autoconf

Install cmake without using yum, because the default cmake version is lower, which will cause later PHP installations to be too low to install. Because installing MySQL requires cmake, install the latest stable cmake directly here

cd /usr/local/src
yum remove cmake
wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.16.1/cmake-3.16.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf cmake-3.16.1.tar.gz

cd cmake-3.16.1
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/cmake
make && make install

cd /usr/local
ln -s /usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake /usr/bin/cmake
# ln -s /usr/local/cmake/share/cmake-3.16.1 /usr/share/cmake

Download boost

If you install mysql version 5.7 or higher, you need to install boost before you compile and install it, because a boots Library installation is required for higher versions of mysql to function properly.Otherwise CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 error will be reported

Switch to the / usr/local/src directory and download boost from there
MySQL 5.7.28 requires boost version 1.59, higher version does not apply MySQL 5.7.28

wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

Compile and install MySQL

# Add MySQL User
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

# Switch to/usr/src directory
cd /usr/local/src

# Download MySQL
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28.tar.gz

# Unzip MySQL
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28.tar.gz

#Unzip boost and move to mysql/boost
tar -zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mv boost_1_59_0 mysql-5.7.28/boost

# Go to MySQL directory
cd mysql-5.7.28

# precompile
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.28 \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql/data \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=OFF \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLED_PROFILING=ON \
-DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

# Compile & Install
make && make install

# Create soft links
cd /usr/local
ln -s mysql-5.7.28 mysql

Configuring environment variables

# Add to environment variable
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

Modify Profile

Create a mysql folder in the /var/lib directory

mkdir -p /var/lib/{mysql,mysql/data}
touch /var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid
chown mysql.mysql -R /var/lib/mysql/

Modify/etc/my.cnf file

# Modify the /etc/my.cnf file to edit the configuration file as follows
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

Create mysqld.log and mysqld.pid files and modify file permissions

# Create mysqld.log and mysqld.pid files
mkdir /var/log/mysql
touch /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
chown mysql.mysql -R /var/log/mysql/

Initialize database

# Initialize the database, - initialize means a secure password is generated by default, - initialize-insecure means no password is generated
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data

Systemd Management

Create A / usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service file and edit it as follows

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql

Type=forking

PIDFile=/var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid

# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0

# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true

# Needed to create system tables
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd

# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS

# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=/etc/my.cnf

# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 5000

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

PrivateTmp=false

Overloaded daemon

Reload systemd by executing the following command and scan for new or changed cells

systemctl daemon-reload

Start MySQL

systemctl start mysqld.service # Start MySQL
systemctl stop mysqld.service # Close MySQL
systemctl status mysqld.service # View MySQL status

Start-Up Self-Starting

systemctl enable mysqld.service # Set boot-up self-start
systemctl disable mysqld.service # Cancel boot-up self-start

Log in to MySQL

mysql -u root -p #No password required for first login, just return
set password for root@localhost = password('root');  #Change Password

Install PHP

Installation Dependency

sudo yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ zip unzip libxml2 libxml2-devel curl-devel autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel gd-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libsqlite3x libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma oniguruma-devel

Upgrade libzip

yum remove libzip
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://libzip.org/download/libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz
cd libzip-1.5.2
mkdir build
cmake .
make && make install

echo '/usr/local/lib64
/usr/local/lib
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64'>>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

Compile and Install PHP

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://hk1.php.net/get/php-7.4.0.tar.gz/from/this/mirror -O php-7.4.0.tar.gz

tar -zxvf php-7.4.0.tar.gz
cd  php-7.4.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4.0 \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--with-zlib \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-gd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-jpeg \
--with-freetype \
--with-iconv \
--with-openssl \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-static \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-xml

make && make install

Compile parameters in detail

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4.0 \ # Specify Installation Path
--enable-fpm \             # Represents the activation of PHP-FPM mode services, that is, running PHP services in FactCGI mode.
--with-fpm-user=nginx \    # The user specified for PHP-FPM process management is www, which is best unified with Nginx service users.
--with-fpm-group=nginx \   # Specify that the PHP-FPM process management user group is www, which is best unified with the Nginx service user group.
--with-zlib \ # Open zlib library support for http compressed transport
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-gd \        # Support for opening gd Libraries
--with-png-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \   # Open openssl for encrypted transmission
--with-curl \      # Turn on support for curl browsing tools 
--enable-mbstring \ # Multi-byte, string support
--enable-static \ # Generate Static Link Library
--enable-zip \ # Open support for zip
--enable-sockets \ # Turn on sockets support
--enable-xml

To configure

cd /usr/local

ln -s php-7.4.0 php
cp  /usr/local/src/php-7.4.0/php.ini-development /usr/local/php-7.4.0/lib/php.ini
 
 vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
 date.timezone = PRC  (About 954 lines)
 expose_php = Off  #Avoid exposing PHP information to http headers (approximately 369 lines)
 
 display_errors = Off(Set production environment to off,The development environment is set to On,Easy to debug)
 //Note: Once dispaly_errors is set to off, the error logging path error_log = log/php-fpm.log needs to be turned on in php-fpm.conf
 
cd /usr/local/php 
cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf

cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf
cd /usr/local/php
sbin/php-fpm
ps -e | grep php-fpm

//If you specify parameters--with-mysql=mysqlnd and--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd when compiling PHP, you may encounter socket connection problems in production by adding commands in php.ini: pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

//It is best to specify the location of mysql.socket when compiling PHP:
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

Manage PHP-FPM

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
 error_log = log/php-fpm.log #24 Line This is enabled when php.ini sets display_errors = Off
 Restart the server after setup
 Send a signal to the process to complete process management
 Stop: kill-INT `cat/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
Smooth stop: kill-QUIT `cat/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
Restart: kill-USR2 `cat/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
Reopen Log: kill-USR1 `cat/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

Configuring environment variables

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

Configure Systemd Service

In fact, the php-fpm.service file PHP has been configured for us as long as we copy to the specified location and enable it.

cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.0/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

And edit the file

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

The php-fpm.service file contains the following:

# It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it
# will be overwritten during upgrades.  If you want to customize,
# the best way is to use the "systemctl edit" command.

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Overloaded daemon

Reload systemd by executing the following command and scan for new or changed cells

systemctl daemon-reload

Start-Up Self-Starting

systemctl enable php-fpm.service
systemctl disable php-fpm.service

Start php-fpm

systemctl start php-fpm.service

Associate Nginx with PHP

nginx.conf configuration

#user  nobody;
# There is a working subprocess that can modify itself, but it is too harmful because you are competing for CPU s
# General Set CPU Number*Number of Kernels
worker_processes  1; 

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
#Typically, the Nginx process and connection properties are configured
#If several work at the same time
    multi_accept on; #Turn on the ability to accept multiple new network connection requests at the same time.
    use epoll;  #Use epoll event-driven because epoll performs much better than other event-driven
    worker_connections  10240; #This refers to a subprocess that allows a maximum of 10240 connections
}


http { # This is the main segment for configuring the http server
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    #Hide Nginx software version number
    server_tokens off;
    
    #Activate tcp_nodelay function to improve I/O performance
    tcp_nodelay on;

    # Sets the timeout for reading client request header data.The value here is 15, in seconds, which is an empirical reference value
    client_header_timeout 15;

    # Set timeout for reading client requests
    client_body_timeout 15;

    # Specify timeout for responding clients
    send_timeout 25;

    # Upload file size limit
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    
    #Compression Configuration
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.0;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/css text/xml application/javascript;
    gzip_vary on;
    #include extra/gzip.config;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    include extra/*.conf;
}

Install Redis

Compile Installation

# Unzip Source File
tar -zxf redis-5.0.6.tar.gz

# Switch to unzipped directory
cd redis-5.0.6

# Compile Installation
mkdir /usr/local/redis-5.0.6
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis-5.0.6 install

mkdir /usr/local/redis-5.0.6/etc
cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis-5.0.6/etc/

# Create soft links
cd /usr/local
ln -sf redis-5.0.6 redis

Configuring environment variables

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/redis/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile # Make changes take effect immediately

Configure Background Run

Let redis run as a background process

vim /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf

# Daeonize no (instead)
# Change to->
daemonize yes

Configure Systemd Service

Add a redis.service file at/etc/systemd/system/and add the following

[Unit]
Description=Redis
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/redis_6379.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf
ExecStop=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli shutdown
PrivateTmp=true
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Overloaded daemon

Reload systemd by executing the following command and scan for new or changed cells