Manage Python virtual environments created by Conda
I changed to a new computer (Windows 10) and plan to use Anaconda to manage my own packages.
Download Installation
Download Anaconda
I downloaded the latest version of Anaconda over the wall using UU cloud accelerated new membership benefits.
Install Anaconda
Install Anaconda directly to the target location.
At this time I found that Anaconda lost a lot of content in the installation directory. My criterion is: No\Script folder.
For security, download and install VS2019, check the python component and install it. Find the downloaded folder of VS2019 and move to the Anaconda installation location.
Next, create a new environment variable cloud.
New Virtual Environment
Open the command line and enter:
...>conda activate
Enter the underlying virtual environment (base), where the name appears at the beginning of the command line path
New virtual environment new_env1, enter:
(base) ...>conda create -n new_env1
If there is no -n command, then:
(base) ...>conda create new_env1 CondaValueError: The target prefix is the base prefix. Aborting.
Normally, it should show:
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done Solving environment: done ## Package Plan ## environment location: %Anaconda Installation Directory%\envs\tmp Proceed ([y]/n)?
The%Anaconda installation directory% refers to the installation directory of Anaconda, that is, the directory where the \Script folder is located.
Enter y to create the environment.
Change the location of the new virtual environment.
Open C:\Users\User name\condarc, where the user name is the current user's user name.
Add the following to.condarc:
channels: - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/ - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/ - defaults show_channel_urls: true envs_dirs: - %Custom Path%\conda\envs - %Anaconda Installation Directory%\envs - C:\Users\User name\.conda\envs - C:\Users\User name\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs pkgs_dirs: - %Custom Path%\conda\pkgs - %Anaconda Installation Directory%\pkgs - C:\Users\User name\.conda\pkgs - C:\Users\User name\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
Preservation.
The default.condarc file has only {} two characters. Delete and paste the above directly. If you're not sure, you can Input first
(base) ...>conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/ (base) ...>conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/ (base) ...>conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
To add channels and show_channel_urls variables.
You can now view the Anaconda environment information in the base environment:
(base) ...>conda activate new_env1 (new_env1) ...>conda info
Next, create another virtual environment, new_env2
(new_env1) ...>conda create -n new_env2
You can see that the environment location has changed, so you can safely enter y and Enter to create the environment.
Switching virtual environments
There is no difference between inside and outside a virtual environment, you can use commands such as conda [-h] [-V] command..., and commands such as ping can also be used, but the python interpreter is different.
It is worth mentioning that every time you use
(last_env) ...>conda activate next_env
To enter the next virtual environment next_env and use it again
conda deactivate
When the command exits, it exits to the last_env of the previous virtual environment, similar to stacking.
Adding packages to a virtual environment
Put up the trial and error process first
Download pygame installation package
First come to the environment new_env1 in the same directory as Anaconda and download pygame
(base) ...>conda new_env1
(new_env1) ...>conda install pygame
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:
- pygame
Current channels:
- (URL)
-
To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to
https://anaconda.org
and use the search bar at the top of the page.
(URL) Is conda's source server
Can't download, only use pip command.
(new_env1) ...>pip install pygame Collecting pygame Downloading pygame-1.9.6-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (4.3 MB)
However, the network is not very good. The system does not show success until it has been downloaded several times.
To verify that it is only installed in the current virtual environment, go to the base environment to see:
(new_env1) ...>conda activate base (base) pip list Package Version ---------------------------------- --------- ... pygame 1.9.6 ...
Clearly, pip is still a global command at this point.
So delete this package
(base) ...>pip uninstall pygame
Enter and delete successfully.
Then try again and again in the new_env2, base environment:
(base) ...>conda activate new_env2 (new_env2) ...>pip install pygame Collecting pygame Using cached pygame-1.9.6-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (4.3 MB) Installing collected packages: pygame Successfully installed pygame-1.9.6
No downloads needed, but the pip commands are global. Searching for many solutions on the web is fruitless.
conda install command installation package
After the pip command is invalid, try installing other packages with the conda install command, such as matplotlib, in the environment new_env2 created in a custom path:
(new_env2) ...>conda install matplotlib
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: %Custom Path%\conda\envs\new_env2
added / updated specs:
- matplotlib
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
certifi-2019.11.28 | py38_0 149 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
cycler-0.10.0 | py_2 9 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
freetype-2.10.0 | h563cfd7_1 476 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
icu-64.2 | he025d50_1 14.1 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
jpeg-9c | hfa6e2cd_1001 314 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
kiwisolver-1.1.0 | py38he980bc4_0 61 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
libclang-9.0.1 |default_hf44288c_0 20.8 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
libpng-1.6.37 | h7602738_0 1.3 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
matplotlib-3.1.3 | py38_0 7 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
matplotlib-base-3.1.3 | py38h2981e6d_0 6.5 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
numpy-1.17.5 | py38hc71023c_0 4.7 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
pip-20.0.2 | py38_1 1.9 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
pyparsing-2.4.6 | py_0 59 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
pyqt-5.12.3 | py38h6538335_1 4.7 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
python-3.8.1 | he1f5543_2 18.9 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
python-dateutil-2.8.1 | py_0 220 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
qt-5.12.5 | h7ef1ec2_0 104.4 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
setuptools-45.1.0 | py38_0 664 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
six-1.14.0 | py38_0 23 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
sqlite-3.30.1 | hfa6e2cd_0 1.1 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
tornado-6.0.3 | py38hfa6e2cd_0 641 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
vs2015_runtime-14.16.27012 | hf0eaf9b_1 1.1 MB defaults
wheel-0.34.2 | py38_0 61 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
wincertstore-0.2 | py38_1003 13 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
zlib-1.2.11 | h2fa13f4_1006 236 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 182.5 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
ca-certificates anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::ca-certificates-2019.11.28-hecc5488_0
certifi anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::certifi-2019.11.28-py38_0
cycler anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::cycler-0.10.0-py_2
freetype anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::freetype-2.10.0-h563cfd7_1
icu anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::icu-64.2-he025d50_1
intel-openmp pkgs/main/win-64::intel-openmp-2019.4-245
jpeg anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::jpeg-9c-hfa6e2cd_1001
kiwisolver anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::kiwisolver-1.1.0-py38he980bc4_0
libblas anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::libblas-3.8.0-14_mkl
libcblas anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::libcblas-3.8.0-14_mkl
libclang anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::libclang-9.0.1-default_hf44288c_0
liblapack anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::liblapack-3.8.0-14_mkl
libpng anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::libpng-1.6.37-h7602738_0
matplotlib anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::matplotlib-3.1.3-py38_0
matplotlib-base anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::matplotlib-base-3.1.3-py38h2981e6d_0
mkl pkgs/main/win-64::mkl-2019.4-245
numpy anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::numpy-1.17.5-py38hc71023c_0
openssl anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::openssl-1.1.1d-hfa6e2cd_0
pip anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::pip-20.0.2-py38_1
pyparsing anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::pyparsing-2.4.6-py_0
pyqt anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::pyqt-5.12.3-py38h6538335_1
python anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::python-3.8.1-he1f5543_2
python-dateutil anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::python-dateutil-2.8.1-py_0
qt anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::qt-5.12.5-h7ef1ec2_0
setuptools anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::setuptools-45.1.0-py38_0
six anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::six-1.14.0-py38_0
sqlite anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::sqlite-3.30.1-hfa6e2cd_0
tornado anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::tornado-6.0.3-py38hfa6e2cd_0
vc pkgs/main/win-64::vc-14.1-h0510ff6_4
vs2015_runtime pkgs/main/win-64::vs2015_runtime-14.16.27012-hf0eaf9b_1
wheel anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::wheel-0.34.2-py38_0
wincertstore anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::wincertstore-0.2-py38_1003
zlib anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::zlib-1.2.11-h2fa13f4_1006
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Enter to download.
Strangely, to download Python and pip, did you always use the Python interpreter in the base environment before? That's all right. Opening the installation directory of new_env2 is a lot more, and the installation directory of new_env1 is empty. My criterion is: there is no python.exe program file.
Then try downloading pygame again:
(new_env2) ...>pip install pygame Collecting pygame Downloading pygame-1.9.6-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (4.3 MB)
Discovered that they need to download from the Internet again, the network is not in good condition, the download was interrupted, and the installation failed.
So go back to new_env1 and try again, this time download python:
(new_env2) ...>conda activate new_env1
(new_env1) ...>conda install conda install python
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: %Custom Path%\conda\envs\new_env1
added / updated specs:
- python
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
certifi-2019.11.28 | py38_0 149 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
pip-20.0.2 | py38_1 1.9 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
python-3.8.1 | he1f5543_2 18.9 MB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
setuptools-45.1.0 | py38_0 664 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
vs2015_runtime-14.16.27012 | hf0eaf9b_1 1.1 MB defaults
wheel-0.34.2 | py38_0 61 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
wincertstore-0.2 | py38_1003 13 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 22.8 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
ca-certificates anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::ca-certificates-2019.11.28-hecc5488_0
certifi anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::certifi-2019.11.28-py38_0
openssl anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::openssl-1.1.1d-hfa6e2cd_0
pip anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::pip-20.0.2-py38_1
python anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::python-3.8.1-he1f5543_2
setuptools anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::setuptools-45.1.0-py38_0
sqlite anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::sqlite-3.30.1-hfa6e2cd_0
vc pkgs/main/win-64::vc-14.1-h0510ff6_4
vs2015_runtime pkgs/main/win-64::vs2015_runtime-14.16.27012-hf0eaf9b_1
wheel anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::wheel-0.34.2-py38_0
wincertstore anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/win-64::wincertstore-0.2-py38_1003
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Downloading and Extracting Packages
pip-20.0.2 | 1.9 MB | ######################################################################### | 100%
python-3.8.1 | 18.9 MB | ######################################################################### | 100%
wincertstore-0.2 | 13 KB | ######################################################################### | 100%
setuptools-45.1.0 | 664 KB | ######################################################################### | 100%
wheel-0.34.2 | 61 KB | ######################################################################### | 100%
certifi-2019.11.28 | 149 KB | ######################################################################### | 100%
vs2015_runtime-14.16 | 1.1 MB | ######################################################################### | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
(new_env1) ...>pip install pygame
Collecting pygame
Using cached pygame-1.9.6-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (4.3 MB)
Installing collected packages: pygame
Successfully installed pygame-1.9.6
Enter another environment to view,
(new_env1) ...>conda activate base (base) ...>pip list
No pygame was found.
Install through downloaded packages
To install pyGame under new_env2 without downloading, find pygame-1.9.6-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl in File Explorer. Paste into the%custom path%condapkgspython-3.6.7-he025d50_1005Libensurepipbundled You can then install pyGame directly.
Delete virtual environment
To ensure sufficient space on the system disk, delete the new_env1 environment:
(base) ...>conda remove -n game --all Remove all packages in environment %Anaconda Installation Directory%\conda\envs\new_env1: ## Package Plan ## environment location: %Anaconda Installation Directory%\conda\envs\new_env1 The following packages will be REMOVED: ... Proceed ([y]/n)? y Preparing transaction: done Verifying transaction: done Executing transaction: done
