Detailed knowledge of STP can be used to check the official account and to view the past articles. This paper mainly introduces the concepts of RSTP and MSTP, as well as the configuration examples of MSTP.
1, RSTP
RSTP (fast spanning tree protocol) is developed from STP, which is consistent with the basic idea of STP. It has all the functions of STP and is compatible with STP operation.
RSTP and STP are different
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Reduced port status
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Added port role
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BPDU format and sending method are different
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When the switching network topology changes, RSTP can restore the network connectivity faster
1. Port status of RSTP
2. Port role of RSTP
2, MSTP
MSTP (multiple spanning tree protocol) calculates multiple spanning trees based on instances, and realizes load sharing among instances. It mainly solves the following limitations of STP/RSTP while having the advantages of STP and RSTP:
(1) All VLAN s share a spanning tree
(2) The load sharing of different VLAN s on multiple Trunk links cannot be realized
1. MST domain
MST Region: a collection of bridges with the same MST configuration ID
(1) Domain name
(2) Revision level
(3) VLAN mapping relationship
2. MSTP configuration instance
2.1 configuration topology
2.2 configuration requirements
(1) vlan10, vlan20, vlan30 and vlan30 are created on all switches and released on interfaces 1 and 2.
(2) Configure MSTP and SW1 as the primary root of instance 1 and the backup root of instance 2; SW1 is the primary root of instance 2 and the backup root of instance 1. The final effect is to eliminate the layer-2 loop by using MSTP technology. Instance 1 blocks two ports on SW2 and instance 2 blocks one port on SW2, so as to realize link backup and vlan based load balancing.
2.3 configuration steps
(1) Create vlan10, vlan20, vlan30 and vlan30 on each switch and release them on interfaces 1 and 2;
[SW1]vlan 10[SW1-vlan10]vlan 20[SW1-vlan20]vlan 30[SW1-vlan30]vlan 40[SW1-vlan40]quit[SW1][SW1]int g 1/0/1[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-type trunk [SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30 40[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]int g 1/0/2[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan 1 10 20 30 40[SW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit[SW1]
[SW2]vlan 10[SW2-vlan10]vlan 20[SW2-vlan20]vlan 30[SW2-vlan30]vlan 40[SW2-vlan40]int g 1/0/1[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-type trunk [SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30 40[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]int g 1/0/2[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port link-type trunk[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan 1 10 20 30 40[SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit[SW2]
[SW3]vlan 10 [SW3-vlan10]vlan 20[SW3-vlan20]vlan 30[SW3-vlan30]vlan 40[SW3-vlan40]int g 1/0/1[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-type trunk [SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port trunk permit vlan 10 20 30 40[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]int g 1/0/2[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port link-type trunk[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan 1 10 20 30 40[SW3-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit[SW3]
(2) Configure MST domain on each switch. The domain name is h3c and the revision level is 1. Create Instance1 to map Vlan10 and Vlan20 and Instance2 to map Vlan30 and Vlan40. (Note: if there are VLANs without active mapping, the default mapping is in instance 0)
Description: 1 The revision level has no practical significance; The same MST domain must have the same domain name, revision level and VLAN mapping relationship (special attention should be paid to when troubleshooting MSTP).
[SW1]stp region-configuration [SW1-mst-region] region-name h3c[SW1-mst-region] revision-level 1[SW1-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10 20 [SW1-mst-region] instance 2 vlan 30 40 [SW1-mst-region] active region-configuration
Note: be sure to use the active region configuration command to activate the configuration, otherwise the configuration will not take effect. When modifying MSTP configuration, you also need to click this command again, otherwise the modified configuration will not take effect
[SW2]stp region-configuration [SW2-mst-region] region-name h3c[SW2-mst-region] revision-level 1[SW2-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 10 20 [SW2-mst-region] instance 2 vlan 30 40 [SW2-mst-region] active region-configuration
[SW3]stp region-configuration [SW3-mst-region]region-name h3c[SW3-mst-region]revision-level 1[SW3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 20[SW3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 30 40[SW3-mst-region]active region-configuration
(3) Configure primary root and backup root
SW1 is the primary root of instance 1 and the backup root of instance 2; SW1 is the primary root of instance 2 and the backup root of instance 1.
Note: the purpose of this step is to block different ports based on different instances to solve the disadvantage that STP/RSTP cannot realize the load sharing of different VLAN s on multiple Trunk links.
[SW1]stp instance 1 root primary [SW1]stp instance 2 root secondary [SW1]
[SW2]stp instance 1 root secondary [SW2]stp instance 2 root primary [SW2]
2.4 configuration verification
On SW3, click dis stp brief to view the configuration. It can be seen that instance 1 blocks 2 ports of SW3 and instance 2 blocks 1 port of SW3, indicating that the configuration is successful.
[SW3]dis stp brief MST ID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
Supplement:
View the MSTP configuration command as dis STP region configuration
[SW3]dis stp region-configuration Oper Configuration Format selector : 0 Region name : h3c Revision level : 1 Configuration digest : 0xca136a235706b316c8db8f921067a68f Instance VLANs Mapped 0 1 to 9, 11 to 19, 21 to 29, 31 to 39, 41 to 4094 1 10, 20 2 30, 40[SW3]
You can see that the domain name is h3c and the revision level is 1. Instance 1 maps vlan10 and vlan20, instance 2 maps vlan30 and vlan40, and the default instance 0 maps all other VLANs.
Attachment:
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