PHP buffer acceleration

1, Buffer acceleration principle

1. Buffer acceleration

Opcode: when the client requests a PHP program, the PHP engine of the server will parse the PHP program and compile it into a specific opcode file (opcode file for short, binary form). By default, opcode files are discarded after being executed by the PHP engine.
Buffer acceleration principle: save the compiled opcode and put it into shared memory so that it can be reused when calling the PHP page next time, avoiding repeated compilation of the same code.
Advantages: it saves the time of repeated compilation of PHP engine, reduces the server load, and reduces the CPU and memory overhead.

2. LAMP environment buffer acceleration

❶ Apache receives PHP program requests from customers and filters them according to rules.

❷ Apache passes the PHP program request to the PHP processing module libphp5 so .

❸ the PHP engine locates the PHP file on the disk and loads it into memory for parsing.

❹ PHP processing module libphp5 So compile PHP source code into opcode.

❺ PHP processing module libpbp5 So executes opcode and caches opcode.

❻ Apache receives the new PHP program request from the client, and the PHP engine directly reads the cache, executes the opcode file, and returns the result. In this task, there is no compilation and parsing in step 4, which improves the efficiency of PHP compilation and parsing.

3. LNMP environment buffer acceleration

❶ Nginx receives the PHP program access request from the client.

❷ Nginx passes the PHP program request to the FCGI (phpfpm) process parsing PHP according to the extension and other filtering rules.

❸ the PHP FPM process calls the PHP parser to read the PHP file on the site disk and load it into memory.

❹ the PHP parser compiles the PHP program into an opcode file, and then caches the opcode.

❺ after the PHP FPM engine executes the opcode tree, it returns the data to Nginx, and then returns to the client.

❻ when Nginx receives the new PHP program request from the customer, the PHP-FPM engine will directly read the opcode in the cache and execute it, and return the result. There is no need for step 4 in this process, which improves the efficiency of PHP compilation and parsing.

❼ if accessing the database, the program first checks whether the data requested by the client exists in the cache of Memcached service. If so, it directly returns the requested data without requesting the back-end database.

❽ if the requested data does not exist in the Memcached cache, the program will go to the Memcahced backend database service. Return the data obtained from the database to the client.

❾ at the same time, cache a copy of the newly obtained database data into the Memcached service cache, and the next time the same request will directly return data from the Memcached service cache, so as to reduce the access pressure of the database.

2, Buffer acceleration environment

LNMP complete environment: WordPress forum for LNMP architecture deployment

1. Linux version check

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
[root@www ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64
[root@www ~]# uname -m
x86_64

2. Nginx version check

[root@www ~]# /application/php/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3

3. PHP version check

[root@www ~]# /application/php/bin/php -v
PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: May 14 2021 10:24:11) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies

4. MySQL version check

[root@www ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pxxxx version
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5.32, for linux2.6 on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version          5.5.32
Protocol version        10
Connection              Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket             /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 42 min 54 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 1  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 35  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 4  Queries per second avg: 0.000

3, Plug in environment installation configuration

1. Pre environment

❶ environment variable LC_ALL

locale environment and LC_ALL=C
LC_ALL=C: remove all localized LC_* set up
Solve the alarm: perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C")

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/profile
 slightly
export LANGUAGE="en_US.UTF-8:zh_CN.UTF-8"
export LANG=en_US:zh_CN.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=C
"/etc/profile" 81L, 1895C Written                               
[root@www ~]# source /etc/profile

❷ Perl dependency

ImageMagick environment

[root@www ~]# yum install perl-devel -y
Installed:
  perl-devel.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6_6.1                                         

Dependency Installed:
  db4-cxx.x86_64 0:4.7.25-19.el6_6                                               
  db4-devel.x86_64 0:4.7.25-19.el6_6                                             
  gdbm-devel.x86_64 0:1.8.0-36.el6                                               
  perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker.x86_64 0:6.55-136.el6_6.1                              
  perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS.x86_64 1:2.2003.0-136.el6_6.1                            
  perl-Test-Harness.x86_64 0:3.17-136.el6_6.1 
[root@www ~]# yum install perl-CPAN -y
Installed:
  perl-CPAN.x86_64 0:1.9402-136.el6_6.1                                          

Dependency Installed:
  perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 1:5.47-136.el6_6.1

2. Database buffer

❶Memcached

Introduction: an open source, high-performance, high concurrency and distributed memory cache service software.
Principle: save the frequently read objects or data in the website to the pre planned system memory space. When the user accesses, first check the buffer in the Memcached service. If it exists, it will be returned directly. If it does not exist, access the database again. When accessing the database, a copy of the data will also be buffered into the Memcached service and returned directly on the next request.
Advantages: reduce the direct high concurrent access of the front-end business to the database in peak hours, and improve the concurrent access ability of dynamic services in large-scale website clusters.
Memcached is divided into server and client.
The following is the client installation steps.
Configuration parameters:/ configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config

[root@www ~]# cd /home/centos/tools
[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar zxf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
[root@www tools]# cd memcache-2.2.7
[root@www memcache-2.2.7]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
[root@www memcache-2.2.7]# ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config
[root@www memcache-2.2.7]# make
[root@www memcache-2.2.7]# make install
Installing shared extensions:     /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@www memcache-2.2.7]# cd ..
[root@www tools]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ 
total 244
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 246472 May 17 06:41 memcache.so

❷PDO_MYSQL

Introduction: it defines a lightweight and consistent interface for PHP to access the database
Function: provide a data access abstraction layer. Through this abstraction layer, no matter what database is used, you can query and obtain data through consistent functions.
Configuration parameters:/ configure --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/application/mysql

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
[root@www tools]# cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
config.m4:104: warning: AC_CACHE_VAL(pdo_inc_path, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
aclocal.m4:2754: PHP_CHECK_PDO_INCLUDES is expanded from...
config.m4:104: the top level
config.m4:104: warning: AC_CACHE_VAL(pdo_inc_path, ...): suspicious cache-id, must contain _cv_ to be cached
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
aclocal.m4:2754: PHP_CHECK_PDO_INCLUDES is expanded from...
config.m4:104: the top level
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# ./configure --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/application/mysql
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# make
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# make install
Installing shared extensions:     /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
total 400
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 246472 May 17 06:41 memcache.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 155836 May 17 06:51 pdo_mysql.so
[root@www PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# cd ..

3. Image processing extension

❶lmageMagick

Introduction: a powerful, stable and free image tool set and development kit
Purpose: it is used to read, write and process more than 89 basic formats of picture files, including popular tiff, jpeg, gif, png, pdf, PhotoCD, etc.
Dependency: Perl devel Library
Configure parameters/ configure

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf ImageMagick-6.7.9-10.tar.xz
[root@www tools]# cd ImageMagick-6.7.9-10/
[root@www ImageMagick-6.7.9-10]# ./configure
[root@www ImageMagick-6.7.9-10]# make
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'
slightly
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'

[root@www ImageMagick-6.7.9-10]# make install
make  install-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'
make[2]: Entering directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'
slightly
make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ImageMagick-6.7.9-10'
[root@www ImageMagick-6.7.9-10]#  cd ..

❷imagick

Introduction: an extension module for PHP to call ImageMagick function
Dependency: ImageMagick
Configuration parameters:/ configure --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar zxf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
[root@www tools]# cd imagick-2.3.0
[root@www imagick-2.3.0]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
[root@www tools]# ./configure --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config
[root@www tools]# make
[root@www imagick-2.3.0]# make install
Installing shared extensions:     /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@www imagick-2.3.0]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
total 1448
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1072953 May 17 07:29 imagick.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  246472 May 17 06:41 memcache.so
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  155836 May 17 06:51 pdo_mysql.so
[root@www imagick-2.3.0]# cd ..

4. Configuring Memcache / PDO_ MYSQL/ imagick

(1) configuration

Back up the configuration file CP PHP ini php. ini. bak
Add module reference path extension_dir = "/application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
Reference module extension = Memcache so

[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# cd /application/php/lib
[root@www lib]# ls -l
[root@www lib]# cp php.ini php.ini.bak
[root@www lib]# ls -l
total 140
drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root  4096 May 17 06:41 php
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 69627 May 14 10:40 php.ini
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 69627 May 17 08:03 php.ini.bak
[root@www lib]# vim php.ini
 819 extension_dir = "/application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
 820 extension=memcache.so
 821 extension=pdo_mysql.so
 822 extension=imagick.so

(2) restart

End process pkill PHP FPM
Restart the process / application / PHP / SBIN / PHP FPM
Check the process PS - EF | grep PHP FPM

[root@www lib]# pkill php-fpm
[root@www lib]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm | grep -v grep
[root@www lib]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm       
[root@www lib]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm                       
root      43759      1  0 08:47 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/application/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx     43760  43759  0 08:47 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www            
nginx     43761  43759  0 08:47 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www            
root      43771   6577  0 08:48 pts/1    00:00:00 grep php-fpm
[root@www lib]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm | grep -v grep | wc -l
3

(3) preparation

Write test program vim /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/viem_info.php

[root@www lib]# vim /application/nginx/conf/vps/realm_name/blog.conf
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.test_lnmp.org;

        location / {
            root   html/vps/realm_name/blog;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }

        location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
            root            html/vps/realm_name/blog;
            fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index   index.php;
            include         /application/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf;
        }

        access_log logs/access_blog.log main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
    }
[root@www lib]# ls -l /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog
[root@www lib]# vim /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/viem_info.php
<?php phpinfo () ; ?>
[root@www lib]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful 
[root@www lib]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

(4) test

Visit website: blog test_ lnmp. org/viem_ info. php
In page search: memcache, pdo_mysql,imagick

4, Plug in installation configuration

Plug in selection: build relevant environment for stress test according to the actual business needs, and then select according to the actual test results.

Test environment: the following three can be installed, but cannot be configured and used together

Actual environment: install one that is most suitable for matching with related services

1,eAccelerator

(1) Introduction

Description: a free and open source PHP acceleration, optimization and caching extension.
Principle: cache the compiled opcode, session and other data of PHP program, store them in shared memory, and then call and execute them from memory every time. You can also set to store some compilation results that are not suitable for caching in memory on disk.
Advantages: speed up the execution of PHP programs and reduce the load pressure on the server.

(2) installation

Script / application/php/bin/phpize, in/ Execute before configure.
PHP plug-in modules can be established through phpize script. Modules not configured during PHP installation and compilation can be added through phpize script.
Configure parameters/ configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config； PHP installation directory -- with PHP config = / application / PHP / bin / PHP config

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@www tools]# cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# make
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# make install
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# ls /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
eaccelerator.so  imagick.so  memcache.so  pdo_mysql.so
[root@www eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# cd ..

(3) configuration

❶ buffer directory and permissions

Buffer directory mkdir -p /tmp/eaccelerator
Permission chown - R nginx nginx /tmp/eaccelerator

[root@www lib]# mkdir -p /tmp/eaccelerator
[root@www lib]# chown -R nginx.nginx /tmp/eaccelerator
[root@www lib]# ls -ld /tmp/eaccelerator
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx 4096 May 17 09:23 /tmp/eaccelerator

❷ configuration parameters

parameter	explain
[eaccelerator]	eaccelerator acceleration module
extension=eaccelerator.so	Load eaccelrator acceleration module. Path relative to extension_ Configuration of dir.
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"	Size of shared memory to store cached data. If it is 0, the maximum value depends on the kernel configuration / proc/sys/kerael/shmmax.
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"	Disk cache storage path. The cache contents are precompiled code, session, data, content and user entries. The default path is "/ tmp/eaccelerator".
eaccelerator.enable="1"	eAccelerator cache validation switch. 1 is the default value, which takes effect; 0 is closed and does not take effect.
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"	Accelerate the execution speed of PHP code. 1 is the default value, indicating activation; 0 is inactive. Used for code acceleration before caching.
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"	Check the cache modification time to determine whether the code needs to be recompiled. 1 is active and is the default value.
eaccelerator.debug="0"	For cache acceleration debugging, 0 is off and 1 is on. After opening, you can see cache acceleration information.
eaccelerator.filter=""	Set whether the object caches rules. If it is empty, it means it is not set.
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"	The maximum value of the cache that can be penalized. 0 is unlimited.
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"	The lifetime of the cache file.
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"	The time period during which old data is removed from shared memory when the shared memory space is insufficient.
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"	Whether to allow caching data to disk. 0 is allowed, but it has no effect on session data and content caching.
eaccelerator.compress="1"	Whether to turn on compression. 1 is on.
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"	Compression level. 9 is the highest.
eaccelerator.keys="shm_and_disk"	Controls the location of the keys cache. shm_and_disk: cache data on shared memory and disk (default value); shm: if the shared memory is full or the data is greater than the kernel setting value, choose between the shared memory or disk; shm_only: cache data on shared memory; disk_only: cache data on disk; none: no buffering
eaccelerator.sessions="shm_and_disk"	Control sessions cache location
eaccelerator.content="shm_and_disk"	Control content cache location

[root@www lib]# vim php.init
[eaccelerator]
extension=eaccelerator.so
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

(4) test

Test buffer configuration / application/php/bin/php -v

[root@www lib]# /application/php/bin/php -v 
PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: May 14 2021 10:24:11) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
    with eAccelerator v0.9.6.1, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator

Restart PHP service

[root@www lib]# killall php-fpm   
[root@www lib]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm             
[root@www lib]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm 
[root@www lib]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm

Access check
Visit website: blog test_ lnmp. org/viem_ info. php
In page search: eaccelerator
View buffer directory
find /tmp/eaccelerator/ -type f | xargs file
Find the file of common type (f) find /tmp/eaccelerator/ -type f;
xargs captures the result of the previous command find /tmp/eaccelerator/ -type f and passes the next command file;
File identifies the file type.
/tmp/eaccelerator/4/6/eaccelerator-1502.386231: data
The content is eaccelerator-1502.386231
Type is data

[root@www lib]# ls -l /tmp/eaccelerator/
total 64
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 0
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 1
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 2
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 3
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 4
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 5
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 6
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 7
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 8
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 9
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 a
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 b
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 c
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 d
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 e
drwxrwxrwx. 18 root root 4096 May 17 09:29 f
[root@www lib]# find /tmp/eaccelerator/ -type f | xargs file
/tmp/eaccelerator/4/6/eaccelerator-1502.386231: data

2,XCache

(1) Introduction

Description: an open source, fast and stable PHP optimization and buffer.
Principle: cache the compiled data (opcode) of PHP program into shared memory to avoid repeated compilation of the same program. When users request the same PHP program, they can directly use the compiled data in the cache.
Advantages: improve PHP access speed and reduce server load overhead.

(2) installation

Configuration parameters:/ configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar_2.gz
[root@www tools]# cd xcache-3.2.0/
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# make
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# make install
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# ls /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
eaccelerator.so  imagick.so  memcache.so  pdo_mysql.so  xcache.so
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# cd ..

(3) configuration

parameter	explain
[xcache-common] extension=xcache.so	Load Xcache So, path relative to extension_ Configuration of dir.
[xcache.admin] xcache.admin.enable_auth=On xcache.admin.user="mOo" xcache.admin.pass="md5 encrypted password"	Activate administrator authentication. Specify XCache administrator user name and password according to http://xcache.lighttpd.net/demo/cacher/mkpassword.php Address generation, leaving blank means that the management page is prohibited
[xcache]	XCache cache parameter configuration section
xcache.shm_scheme="mmap"	Set how XCache allocates shared memory from the system
xcache.size=256M	0 disables caching, and non-0 enables caching. Note the maximum value of mmap allowed by the system
xcache.count=2	Specify how many blocks the Cache is divided into. The official recommendation is to set the number of server CPU s
xcache.slots=8K	The reference value of the number of hash slots. There is no problem when the buffer exceeds this value
xcache.ttl=86400	Set the lifetime TTL (time to live) of the Cache object. 0 is never expired
xcache.gc_interval=3600	The interval at which the recycler scans expired objects to reclaim memory space. 0 is not scanned, and other values are in seconds
xcache.var_size=64M xcache.var_count=1 xcache.var_slots=8K xcache.var_ttl=0 xcache.var_gc_interval=300	Variable cache
xcache.readonly_protection=Off	If this parameter is enabled, the performance will be slightly reduced, but a certain factor of safety will be improved. This option is for Xcache mmap_ PATB = / dev / zero is invalid
xcache.mmap_path="/dev/zero"	For Nix, Xcache mmap_ Path is a file path, not a directory. If you want to enable this parameter, use a path like "/ tmp/xcache" instead of "/ dev /". If Xcache is enabled readonly_ Protection parameter, PHP of different process groups will not share the same / tmp/xcache path
xcache.coredump_directory=""	Whether to save the data to the specified path after XCache crash
xcache.disable_on_crash=Off	When XCache crash es, the XCache cache is automatically closed

Remove the comment egrep - V "; | ^ $" / home / CentOS / tools / xcache-3.2.0/xcache ini
Match all comments "; | ^ $": comment symbols^$ Match from beginning to end
-v parameter inverse selection

[root@www lib]# egrep -v ";|^$" /home/centos/tools/xcache-3.2.0/xcache.ini
[root@www lib]# vim php.ini
[xcache-common]
extension = xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.enable_auth = On
xcache.admin.user = "mOo"
xcache.admin.pass = "md5 encrypted password"
[xcache]
xcache.shm_scheme =        "mmap"
xcache.size  =               256M
xcache.count =                 2
xcache.slots =                8K
xcache.ttl   =                 86400
xcache.gc_interval =           3600
xcache.var_size  =            64M
xcache.var_count =             1
xcache.var_slots =            8K
xcache.var_ttl   =             0
xcache.var_maxttl   =          0
xcache.var_gc_interval =     300
xcache.var_namespace_mode =    0
xcache.var_namespace =        ""
xcache.readonly_protection = Off
xcache.mmap_path =    "/dev/zero"
xcache.coredump_directory =   ""
xcache.coredump_type =         0
xcache.disable_on_crash =    Off
xcache.experimental =        Off
xcache.cacher =               On
xcache.stat   =               On
xcache.optimizer =           Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager =           Off
xcache.coverager_autostart =  On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""

(4) test

Test buffer configuration / application/php/bin/php -v

[root@www lib]# /application/php/bin/php -v 
PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: May 14 2021 10:24:11) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
    with XCache v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 2005-2014, by mOo
    with XCache Cacher v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 2005-2014, by mOo

Generate and configure user account and password
MD5 message digest algorithm encrypts echo -n "xxxx" | md5sum

[root@www lib]# echo -n "xxxx" | md5sum
81dc9bdb52d04dc20089dbd8313ed055  -
[root@www lib]# vim php.ini
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.enable_auth = On
xcache.admin.user = "centos"
xcache.admin.pass = "81dc9bdb52d04dc20089dbd8313ed055"

Copy the cache acceleration management program of XCacbe software directory to the site directory
cp -a htdocs/ /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/Xcache
Give Nginx execution permission
chown -R nginx.nginx /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/Xcache

[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# cd /home/centos/tools/xcache-3.2.0
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# cp -a htdocs/ /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/Xcache
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# chown -R nginx.nginx /application/nginx/html/vps/realm_name/blog/Xcache

Restart PHP service

[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# pkill php-fpm
[root@www xcache-3.2.0]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm

Access test: blog test_ lnmp. org/Xcache/index. php
Log in with the account and password set above

3. Configure ZendOpcache

(1) Introduction

Description: Official PHP cache acceleration plug-in
Principle: cache the compiled data (opcode) of PHP program into shared memory to avoid repeated compilation of the same program. When users request the same PHP program, they can directly use the compiled data in the cache.

(2) installation

When installing PHP zendpcache, add the parameter -- zendpcache.
Configuration parameters:/ configure --enable-opcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config

[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf zendopcache-7.0.5.tgz
[root@www tools]# cd zendopcache-7.0.5
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# /application/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20090626
Zend Module Api No:      20090626
Zend Extension Api No:   220090626
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# ./configure --enable-opcache --with-php-config=/application/php/bin/php-config
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# make
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# make install
Installing shared extensions:     /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# ls /application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
eaccelerator.so  imagick.so  memcache.so  opcache.so  pdo_mysql.so  xcache.so
[root@www zendopcache-7.0.5]# cd ..

(3) configuration

parameter	explain
opcache.memory_consumption=128	The shared memory space of OPcache is used to store precompiled PHP code. The default is 64 and the unit is Mbytes
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8	The default value is 4, and the number of inter strings is M
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000	The default value is 2000. The maximum number of key s in opcache hash table
opcache.revalidate_freq=60	The default value is 2. Check the frequency of file timestamp for changes in shared memory allocation
opcache.fast_shutdown=1	The default value is 0. If activated, a fast shutdown queue will be used to speed up the code
opcache.enable_cli=1	The default value is 0 and PHP is activated_ OPcache of CLI for testing and debugging

extension=opcache.so must be commented out, otherwise an error will be reported

[root@www ~]# cd /application/php/lib
[root@www lib]# vim php.ini
[opcache]
zend_extension=/application/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/opcache.so
;extension=opcache.so ;It must be commented out, otherwise an error will be reported
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1

(4) test

Test buffer configuration / application/php/bin/php -v

[root@www lib]# /application/php/bin/php -v
PHP Warning:  PHP Startup: Invalid library (maybe not a PHP library) 'opcache.so' in Unknown on line 0
PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: May 14 2021 10:24:11) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.0.5, Copyright (c) 1999-2015, by Zend Technologies

Restart PHP service

[root@www lib]# killall php-fpm  
[root@www lib]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm

Access test
Visit the website: blog test_ lnmp. org/viem_ info. php
In page search: ZendOpcache

5, Buffer acceleration optimization

1. Buffer directory optimization

Introduction: tmpfs is a memory based file system. tmpfs is usually used as temporary data storage, which is much faster than local disk storage.
Optimization: Mount / tmp/eaccelerator on the tmpfs file system.

[root@www lib]# vim /etc/fstab
tmpfs	/tmp/eaccelerator	tmpfs   rw,relatime,size=16384k	0	0
[root@www lib]# mount -a
[root@www lib]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        19G  2.9G   15G  17% /
tmpfs           491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   53M  128M  30% /boot
tmpfs            16M     0   16M   0% /tmp/eaccelerator
[root@www lib]# grep eacc /proc/mounts
tmpfs /tmp/eaccelerator tmpfs rw,rootcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0,seclabel,relatime,size=16384k 0 0

2. Shared memory optimization

Both XCache and eAccelerator use the shared memory of the system as storage space
Optimization: adjust the parameters related to the size of the system kernel and shared memory

[root@www lib]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 30 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
 31 kernel.msgmnb = 65536
 32 
 33 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
 34 kernel.msgmax = 65536
 35 
 36 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
 37 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
 38 
 39 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
 40 kernel.shmall = 4294967296

6, webbench stress test

1. Introduction

Webbench is a well-known website stress testing tool.
Test the performance of different services on the same hardware or the operation of the same service on different hardware.
The standard test of webch is the number of corresponding requests per second and the amount of data transmitted per second.
Webbench can simulate up to 30000 concurrent connections to test the load capacity of the website.

2. Installation

Dependency: ctags
Webench-1.5/makefile exists, No/ configure

[root@www ~]# yum install  -y ctags
[root@www ~]# cd /home/centos/tools
[root@www tools]# rz
[root@www tools]# tar xf webbench-1.5.tar_3.gz
[root@www tools]# cd webbench-1.5
[root@www webbench-1.5]# ./configure
-bash: ./configure: No such file or directory
[root@www webbench-1.5]# tree -L 2
.
|-- COPYRIGHT -> debian/copyright
|-- ChangeLog -> debian/changelog
|-- Makefile
|-- debian
|   |-- changelog
|   |-- control
|   |-- copyright
|   |-- dirs
|   `-- rules
|-- socket.c
|-- webbench.1
`-- webbench.c
[root@www webbench-1.5]# make
 slightly
install: cannot create regular file `/usr/local/man/man1': No such file or directory
make: *** [install] Error 1
[root@www webbench-1.5]# mkdir -p /usr/local/man/man1
[root@www webbench-1.5]# make install
[root@www webbench-1.5]# make clean

3. Parameters

[root@www webbench-1.5]# webbench
webbench [option]... URL
  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.
  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.
  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.
  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.
  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.
  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.
  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.
  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.
  --get                    Use GET request method.
  --head                   Use HEAD request method.
  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.
  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.
  -?|-h|--help             This information.
  -V|--version             Display program version.

4. Testing

(1) test Baidu

100 concurrent websench - C 100 - t 30 in 30 seconds http://www.baidu.com/

[root@www tools]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://www.baidu.com/
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://www.baidu.com/
100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=612 pages/min, 2354904 bytes/sec.
Requests: 264 susceed, 42 failed.

(2) test blog

Perform domain name resolution echo "192.168.10.10 blog. Test_lnmp. Org" > > / etc / hosts

[root@www tools]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
100 clients, running 30 sec.

Connect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.
[root@www tools]# ping http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
ping: unknown host http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
[root@www tools]# echo "192.168.10.10 blog.test_lnmp.org" >>/etc/hosts
[root@www tools]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
192.168.10.10 blog.test_lnmp.org
[root@www tools]# ping -c 3 blog.test_lnmp.org
PING blog.test_lnmp.org (192.168.10.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from blog.test_lnmp.org (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.009 ms
64 bytes from blog.test_lnmp.org (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.018 ms
64 bytes from blog.test_lnmp.org (192.168.10.10): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.017 ms

--- blog.test_lnmp.org ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.009/0.014/0.018/0.006 ms
[root@www tools]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=2010 pages/min, 226692 bytes/sec.
Requests: 1005 susceed, 0 failed.
[root@www tools]# webbench -c 500 -t 30 http://blog.test_lnmp.org/ 
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
500 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=7268 pages/min, 255686 bytes/sec.
Requests: 3634 susceed, 0 failed.
[root@www tools]# webbench -c 1000 -t 30 http://blog.test_lnmp.org/ 
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://blog.test_lnmp.org/
1000 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=717534 pages/min, 148908 bytes/sec.
Requests: 3428 susceed, 355339 failed.

5. Explain

❶ stress testing should be carried out before the product goes online, not after it goes online;

❷ when testing, it is best to turn on the monitoring of the testing machine;

❸ when testing, try to cross the public network rather than the Intranet;

❹ during the test, the concurrency should be gradually increased from small. For example, when the concurrency is 100, observe the website load, whether the opening is smooth, how much it is when the concurrency is 200, how much it is when the website opens slowly, and how much it is when the website cannot be opened;

❺ unit tests should be carried out as far as possible. For example, B2C websites can focus on testing shopping carts and promotion pages, because these pages account for a large proportion of the visits of the whole website;

❻ the more data obtained, the more accurate.

reference resources

1,LC_ Meaning of all = C
2,WebBench details

Keywords: Operation & Maintenance CentOS lnmp

Added by jamescalvin on Wed, 09 Feb 2022 18:08:01 +0200

Programming VIP

PHP buffer acceleration

1, Buffer acceleration principle

1. Buffer acceleration

2. LAMP environment buffer acceleration

3. LNMP environment buffer acceleration

2, Buffer acceleration environment

1. Linux version check

2. Nginx version check

3. PHP version check

4. MySQL version check

3, Plug in environment installation configuration

1. Pre environment

❶ environment variable LC_ALL

❷ Perl dependency

2. Database buffer

❶Memcached

❷PDO_MYSQL

3. Image processing extension

❶lmageMagick

❷imagick

4. Configuring Memcache / PDO_ MYSQL/ imagick

(1) configuration

(2) restart

(3) preparation

(4) test

4, Plug in installation configuration

1,eAccelerator

(1) Introduction

(2) installation

(3) configuration

❶ buffer directory and permissions

❷ configuration parameters

(4) test

2,XCache

(1) Introduction

(2) installation

(3) configuration

(4) test

3. Configure ZendOpcache

(1) Introduction

(2) installation

(3) configuration

(4) test

5, Buffer acceleration optimization

1. Buffer directory optimization

2. Shared memory optimization

6, webbench stress test

1. Introduction

2. Installation

3. Parameters

4. Testing

(1) test Baidu

(2) test blog

5. Explain

reference resources

Popular Keywords