Redirection rules for Nginx

Redirect rewrite rule for Nginx

Brief introduction:

The rewrite function of nginx needs the support of pcre software, that is, to match rules through perl compatible regular expression statements;

nginx compiled with default parameters will support rewriting modules, but it must also be supported by pcre

rewrite is the key instruction to realize url rewriting. According to the content of regex (regular expression), it is redirected to replacement with flag at the end;

[root@node-130 nginx-1.17.10]# ./configure --help | grep rewrite
  --without-http_rewrite_module      disable ngx_http_rewrite_module

rewrite syntax:

rewrite	+ <regex> 	+	<replacement> +		[flag];
			regular				Alternative content 		flag sign

Detailed explanation of grammar:

Regular: perl is compatible with regular expression statements for rule matching
Substitute content: replace the regular matching content with replacement
Flag flag: flag flag flag supported by rewrite
- last: after this rule matching is completed, terminate the rule of the current location and continue to match the new location URI rule downward
- break: this rule will terminate upon completion of matching and will not match any subsequent rules
- redirect: 302 is returned for temporary redirection. The browser address will display the URL address after the jump. Turn off the service and redirection cannot be performed.
- Permanent: 301 is returned for permanent redirection, and the URL address after the jump will be displayed in the browser address bar. If the service is shut down, redirection can still be performed, and cache invalidation can be cleared.

Give examples of parameters

[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/www.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/www/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://blog.liangjiawei.net/$1 permanent;
                }
}

rewrite rule experiment

Experiment of domain name jump

It means you visited www.liangjiawei.com Net website
Then jump to blog liangjiawei. Net website

Scheme I:

www.liangjiawei. Explanation of rewrite rule of. Net

In this configuration file, it refers to www.liangjiawei.com Net resources of this website
^/(. *) $: it means that you can access any data and enter anything
- Equivalent to regular content
http://blog.liangjiawei.net/ what is specified here is the website to jump to;
- "/ $1": This represents the input that follows the resource path of the website
- For example, blog liangjiawei. Net / img / – > resources
- permanent: This is equivalent to the flag tag
  - Is a permanent redirect, code 301

#Write the configuration file of nginx
	#Write this rewrite rule from the previous virtual host
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/www.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/www/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://blog.liangjiawei.net/$1 permanent;
                }
}


#Take another look at blog liangjiawei. Net configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/blog.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/blog/;
               index index.html index.htm;
                }
}

#Overload profile verification
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload
	#If you use the command line, you need to add the - I parameter
[root@node-130 nginx]# curl www.liangjiawei.net -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.17.10
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2021 08:47:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 170
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://blog.liangjiawei.net/

Browser verification: jump successful

Scheme II experiment

Modify www.liangjiawei.com Net

return rule is required
The specified status code is 302
Then specify the website of the blog
- $request_uri; This is the resource requested by the user

#Modify profile
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/www.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/www/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                return  302 http://blog.liangjiawei.net/$request_uri;
                }
}

#blog.liangjiawei.net configuration file remains unchanged
#Take another look at blog liangjiawei. Net configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/blog.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/blog/;
               index index.html index.htm;
                }
}

#Overload profile verification
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload
	#If you use the command line, you need to add the - I parameter
[root@node-130 nginx]# curl -I www.liangjiawei.net
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
Server: nginx/1.17.10
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2021 08:54:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 146
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://blog.liangjiawei.net//

Browser access – >

Method 3:

Here is the judgment statement using an if
if (): it means to judge the contents in parentheses
$host != ‘ www.liangjiawei.net: this means that if the requested address is not www.liangjiawai Net
- !=: It represents the concept of logical non;
- $host = ‘www.liangjiawei.net 'means to perform the following operations after matching;
The specified action is the rewrite rule;

#Modify www.liangjiawei.com Net
[root@node-130 nginx]# !vim
vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/www.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.liangjiawei.net;
        if ( $host = 'www.liangjiawei.net' ) {
                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://blog.liangjiawei.net/$1 permanent;
                }       
        location / {
                root /data/html/www/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                }
}

#blog.liangjiawei.net configuration file remains unchanged
#Take another look at blog liangjiawei. Net configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/blog.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/blog/;
               index index.html index.htm;
                }
}

#Overload profile verification
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload
	#If you use the command line, you need to add the - I parameter
[root@node-130 nginx]# curl -I www.liangjiawei.net
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.17.10
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2021 09:02:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 170
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://blog.liangjiawei.net/

Browser authentication

Scheme 4:

Realize the jump effect of Alibaba cloud:

When accessing mirrors aliyum. Com will automatically jump to developer aliyun. com/mirror/

Use BBS here liangjiawei. Net

#Modify BBS liangjiawei. Net configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/bbs.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name bbs.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                if ( $host ~* (.*)\.(.*)\.(.*) ) {
                        set $vhost_name $1;
                        }
                rewrite ^~/(.*) http://blog.liangjiawei.net/$vhost_name/$1;
                root /data/html/bbs/;
               index index.html index.htm;
                }
}

#Reload profile
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload

Realize the jump experiment of different terminals

A website, some users access it by mobile phone,

Arrange a website for mobile access
Computer access is also arranged on a website
It mainly uses $http_user_agent to judge this

This experiment is to realize that different terminal access has different results;

#Create a Shouji liangjiawei. Net server
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/shouji.liangjiawei.net.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  shouji.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/shouji;           
                index   index.html      index.htm;
                }
        }

#Create home page file
[root@node-130 nginx]# mkdir /data/html/shouji
[root@node-130 nginx]# echo "you are visiting the mobile phone page" > / data / HTML / Shouji / index html

#Test it
[root@node1 nginx]# curl shouji.liangjiawei.net
 You are visiting the page of your mobile phone




#Modify the bbs configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim  /data/nginx/conf/vhost/bbs.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name bbs.liangjiawei.net;
        location / { 
                root /data/html/bbs/;
               index index.html index.htm;
        if ( $http_user_agent ~* "iphone|android" ) {			#This is mainly used to judge the user's browser
                rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://shouji.liangjiawei.net/$1;
                }
                }
}

#Reload nginx configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload

Normal browser access

Visit the bbs home page

If mobile phone is selected

browser
Press F12 – > call up – > select network – > Ctrl + Shift + m – > select language

Language jump experiment of different browsers

nginx will judge what resources to provide users according to different browser languages
It mainly involves * * $http_accept_language**

#Modify BBS liangjiawei. Net configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/bbs.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name bbs.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                if ( $http_accept_language ~ "^zh-CN" ) {
                        rewrite ^/(.*) /zh/$1;
                        }
                if ( $http_accept_language ~ "^en" ) {
                        rewrite ^/(.*) /en/$1;
                        }
                root /data/html/bbs;
                index index.html index.htm;
                }
        location ^~ /zh/ {
                root /data/html/bbs/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                }
        location ^~ /en/ {
                root /data/html/bbs/;
                index index.html index.htm;
                }

}

#Prepare Chinese and English content documents
[root@node-130 nginx]# mkdir -p /data/html/bbs/{zh,en}
[root@node-130 nginx]# echo "this is a Chinese page" > / data / HTML / BBS / zh / index html
[root@node-130 nginx]# echo "this is enenenenen " > /data/html/bbs/en/index.html


#Reload profile validation
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload

The error page jumps to the first page

Some browsers hijack directly and jump to its page
- Note a status code here; two hundred
If the resource is not found, return to the home page directly

#Modify blog liangjiawei. Net configuration file

[root@node-130 nginx]# vim /data/nginx/conf/vhost/blog.liangjiawei.net.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name blog.liangjiawei.net;
        location / {
                root /data/html/blog/;
               index index.html index.htm;		
                }
        error_page  404 http://blog.liangjiawei.net/index.html;# Add this line

}

#Verify after reloading the configuration file
[root@node-130 nginx]# nginx -s reload