Writing and publishing of SCI/EI academic papers
Whether graduate students, doctors or undergraduates who want to pursue something, they all hope to record and share their research results. Here, combined with several books I have been reading recently, it directly brings the whole writing framework of SCI and EI with simple Chinese language and understandable words. Let you go directly on the road of scientific research.
What does SCI/EI write in one sentence?
Why did you do this research, what others did, what were the shortcomings, how did you solve it, and how did you prove that it was solved
No, that's all.
SCI/EI framework
There is a composition template in the college entrance examination. Why doesn't SCI/EI? In fact, the structure of SCI is relatively fixed, similar to eight part essay. The content of each article is different, but the framework is similar. I simply made a form. It doesn't matter if I can't understand it. I'll go directly to the article later.
Next, let's refer to a paper in the book "SCI/EI academic paper writing, publication and introduction". Here, the paper is directly in Chinese, and there is no threshold for you. Interested friends suggest buying it.
Note: for the convenience of explanation, I only give words, not figures and tables
Opening
The title, author and key words at the beginning are not mentioned. The summary includes three points: summarizing research problems, research methods, research results and research conclusions.
Study on mechanical properties of deep sea spherical pressure shell Latitude wave 2,Tang Literature,Zhou Tong(1.Jiangsu University of science and technology, Zhenjiang 212003;2.China ship science research center,Wuxi, Jiangsu 214082) Zhang Jian2,Gao Jie (title, author) In this paper, the calculation method of deep-sea spherical pressure shell is systematically studied. (summarizing the research problems) the mechanical model of spherical pressure shell, thin shell and thick shell, the solution formula of buoyancy coefficient and 6 km Shell element and body element numerical models of water depth spherical pressure shell,Comparative analysis 16 km Strength, stability and reserve buoyancy characteristics of spherical pressure shell,The effects of mesh form, element type and density on the numerical results are studied. (research methods) the results show that,It is more reasonable to use thick shell theory and volume element numerical analysis to design and evaluate deep-sea spherical pressure shell;Strength is the main factor affecting the design of thick spherical shells,It is recommended to determine the thickness of the pressure shell according to the inner surface stress formula,Then the stability is checked by using the buckling theory of thick shell or numerical analysis. (research results and conclusions)
Key words: spherical pressure shell; strength; Stability; Classification no. of drawing in thick shell theory: u661 4. Te58 document identification code: A
(key words)
introduction
Mainly write three points
1. Background introduction
Importance, literacy information (supplement professional knowledge), common problems (problems of interest to everyone)
2. Literature review
Literature review and existing problems
3. The work of this paper
A paragraph summarizes the research content
Study on mechanical properties of deep sea spherical pressure shell 0 introduction According to made in China 2025,The state will vigorously promote the breakthrough development of offshore engineering equipment. Deep sea submersible is an important marine engineering equipment for ocean exploration and deep-sea scientific research.(Research importance)During the dive,The pressure shell of submersible plays a role in ensuring the normal operation of internal equipment and personnel health and safety,Its weight accounts for 1% of the total weight of the submersible/4 1/2. (Literacy Information) The design and analysis of the existing spherical pressure shell is based on the thin shell theory,It has been recognized by classification societies of various countries (topic sentence,form a connecting link between the preceding and the following) . Pan Binbin and others compared and analyzed the existing design specifications of deep-water spherical pressure shell,The defects in the standard calculation are pointed out. Then through prototype test and nonlinear finite element analysis,An empirical formula for predicting the spherical ultimate strength of deep-sea titanium alloy is established. Ma Yongqian et al. Refer to the stability theory of medium thick plates and shells,The buckling of thick spherical shells is studied,point out:Due to the shear effect in the thickness direction,The actual critical buckling load of thick spherical shell is lower than that of thin shell theory( Tolley formula)Results 1. The research of Wang Zili and Liu Tao shows that,As the water depth increases,The analysis of pressure shell will be transformed from thin shell problem to medium thick shell problem,However, the existing submarine specifications are not applicable to the analysis of deep-sea pressure hull,The ultimate strength shall be determined directly according to the finite element calculation. (Journals reviewed) In the process of finite element modeling,Model simplification, element type, mesh density, mesh division form, boundary conditions and solution method have a great influence on the calculation results of spherical shells,Different personnel have different calculation results for the same problem,The reliability of the numerical solution remains to be discussed. (Existing problems) In this paper, the strength, stability and reserve buoyancy of spherical pressure shell are studied from two aspects of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. (Paper work,topic sentence) At 1~6km Under water depth,According to thin shell model and thick shell model respectively,The strength and stability of the shell are analyzed and compared. The shell element and body element numerical models of spherical pressure shell are established,The effects of element type and grid density on the strength and stability of pressure shell are studied. (Paper work,(specific information)
Method writing
Method introduction
1. Briefly describe the total amount of work such as the number of experiments and the quantity of materials
2. Introduce the background, source and composition of materials or research objects
3. Review the questions
Details
Write down in detail what you did and why you did it
Comparative reference
Appropriate introduction literature
Problem description
Tell me about the disadvantages of this method
Study on mechanical properties of deep sea spherical pressure shell The influence of division form, element type and element density on the calculation results. (Method introduction) >5mm. The finite element numerical study of grid 2 spherical pressure shell is investigated to study the manned spherical pressure shell in 6 km The calculation is carried out under the working conditions of water depth,The design thickness is 2.1 Shell element scheme adopts pro/e Software,Carry out 3D CAD modeling,And extract the middle face,use ANSA Preprocessing software,Mesh. The calculated load is applied to the surface of the pressure shell in the form of uniformly distributed pressure. The pressure shell is not subject to any constraints in theory,In order to eliminate the rigid displacement of the model,Select three points,Limit the displacement of its six degrees of freedom. The obtained constraint reaction force is close to 0, indicating that the applied constraint is a virtual constraint,Only the rigid body displacement of the scheme is limited. (Problem description-Dilution problem)Two working conditions are analyzed:1.Linear quasi-static analysis; 2.Linear buckling analysis. use ABAQUS/ Standard Calculate and apply ABAQUS/Viewer After treatment. The single factor control variable method is used to establish numerical schemes under different mesh forms, element types and element densities,Carry out analysis and calculation. (Detailed description) Random division, coin division and tennis division are adopted,They correspond to scheme 1, scheme 2 and scheme 3 respectively. The element type is 4-node fully integrated linear shell element(S4),The number of grid cells is about 6500. For unit type,A 4-node fully integrated linear shell element is used(S4),4 Nodal reduced integral shell element(S4R),4-node reduced integral shell element with 5 degrees of freedom per node(S4R5),8 Nodal hyperbolic thick shell element(S8R),8-node hyperbolic thick shell element with 5 degrees of freedom per node(S8R5),They correspond to scheme 3, scheme 4, scheme 5, scheme 6 and scheme 7 respectively. These schemes are in the form of tennis division,The number of units and nodes is consistent with scheme 3. For numerical schemes,It is necessary to check the convergence of the grid to verify the correctness of the scheme results. The average size is 200 mm,120m 2.2 Volume unit scheme The volume element mesh scheme can be obtained by offsetting the shell element mesh by 4 layers along the thickness direction,The load, boundary and working condition are consistent with the shell element. (topic sentence) first,Grid according to scheme 3,Building three-dimensional unit scheme,The cell type is set to 3D 8-node body cell(C3D8),Three dimensional 8-node reduced integral element(C3D8R),3D 8-node nonconforming mode volume element(C3D8I),Three dimensional 20 node body element(C3D20),Three dimensional 20 node reduced integral element(C3D20R),They correspond to scheme 15, scheme 16, scheme 17, scheme 18 and scheme 19 respectively. in addition,The circumferential average size is 200 mm,120m,100mm,70mm,45mm,35mm,20mm The grid is calculated,Corresponding to scheme 20, scheme 21, scheme 22, scheme 23, scheme 24, scheme 25 and scheme 26 respectively,The grids of these schemes are offset along the thickness direction by the grids of schemes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 respectively,Unit types are C3D20R,The specific information is shown in Table 2. (Detailed description)
Result analysis and discussion writing
Results introduction
1. Tell me the main contents of this part
2. Review the foregoing
Icon indication
Use charts to show results
Result analysis
State and analyze the results in large length
Result discussion
Central nervous system and essence. Discuss the causes and phenomena leading to the results. Fire article sublimation, what indicates, what enlightenment.
Literature comparison
Explain the relationship between their own research and others' research through literature.
Problem description
Tell me what the problem is
It can be seen that in terms of strength, the average stress result of random form is the closest to the theoretical value, and the difference between the average stress of coin division and tennis division and the theoretical value is also small, less than 0.1%. (result analysis - subjective, literature comparison - He Bi). However, the difference between the maximum and minimum stress of random division is too large, resulting in obvious stress concentration. The difference between the maximum and minimum stress of tennis division and coin division is very small, which is more in line with the equal strength characteristics of spherical pressure shell. In terms of stability, the difference between the critical buckling load divided by tennis and the theoretical value is the smallest, which is 0.049%, while the difference between the critical buckling load divided by random and coin and the theoretical value is large, which are 1.782% and 0.167% respectively.. (literature comparison 1). Therefore, considering the strength and stability, tennis ball is the best choice for modeling spherical pressure shell. (result discussion - hint).
It can be seen from the results of scheme 3, scheme 4, scheme 5, scheme 6 and scheme 7 that in terms of strength, the difference between the average stress result and the theoretical value is very small and can be almost ignored whether the reduced integral element is used or not. (result analysis - subjective). Considering the maximum and minimum stress difference, the reduced integral elements S4R and S4R5 are ideal. In the numerical analysis of spherical pressure shell, Lu Bei and pan Binbin also used S4R and S4R5 elements. (literature comparison - tabby). In terms of stability, s4 has the highest accuracy. Therefore, considering the strength and stability, the 4-node fully integrated linear shell element (S4) is the best choice for the modeling of spherical pressure shell.. (result discussion - hint)
The mesh density has a great influence on the accuracy of numerical simulation. Firstly, the grid independence test is carried out. Only when the increase of the number of grids has little effect on the calculation results, the simulation results are meaningful.. (results introduction I review). The selection of element density should comprehensively consider the calculation time and accuracy.. (literature comparison 1). For the calculation results of scheme 8, scheme 9, scheme 10, scheme 11, scheme 3, scheme 12, scheme 13 and scheme 14 in Table 1, draw the stress error curve and buckling critical load error curve, as shown in Fig. 3(a) and (b) respectively. Fig. 3(a) shows the maximum stress on the middle surface of the spherical pressure shell, and the ratio curve of the minimum stress, the average stress and the theoretical strength stress. When the ratio of the average size of the element to the radius of the spherical pressure shell is 0.07, the results obtained by the numerical scheme begin to converge, and the smaller the grid size, the closer the average stress of the numerical scheme to the theoretical value, The difference between the maximum and minimum values is getting smaller and smaller, and tends to analytical solution
Figure 4 shows the mid plane stress nephogram, inner and outer surface stress nephogram and first-order buckling vibration shape diagram calculated in scheme 3. Obviously, when using shell element for numerical simulation, the stress difference between the mid plane and inner and outer layers is only less than 1% (result analysis subjective), which is far from the theoretical results=- (literature comparison - tabby). Indicates the use of shell elements
It is unreasonable to analyze the strength of thick spherical shells. (result discussion - hint + weakening)
Conclusion and thanks writing
conclusion
To summarize, review the previous text and refine the argument
thank
Write it down to whoever should thank you
(1) Strength is the main factor affecting the design of thick spherical shells. The difference between the middle surface stress and the inner surface stress gradually increases with the increase of t/R. when t/R increases to 0.075, the maximum difference is 10.4%, and even when t/R is 1 / 20, the difference is 7.1%. It is recommended to design and evaluate the deep-sea spherical pressure shell based on the internal surface stress. The error of Tolley formula increases gradually with the increase of t/R. when t/R is 0.075, the maximum difference between the two is 2.1%. The thin shell theory can be used for the preliminary evaluation of the stability of thick spherical shells. The empirical method for solving the buoyancy coefficient of spherical pressure shell is conservative, and its error increases with tR
When t/R reaches 0.075, the error reaches 10.1%, and even when t/R is 1 / 20, the error is as high as 6.8%.. (concluding paragraph). An analytical method is suggested to evaluate the buoyancy coefficient of deep-sea spherical pressure hull. (directional section). (2) Considering the calculation accuracy and efficiency, it is suggested to establish the shell element numerical scheme of spherical pressure shell by using tennis ball division, 4-node fully integrated linear shell element and element average size of 0.07R. It is suggested to use tennis ball division, three-dimensional 20 node reduced integral element, circumferential element with average size of 0.07R and four-layer element in thickness direction to establish the volume element numerical scheme of spherical pressure shell. Shell element numerical scheme and thin shell theoretical scheme can be used for the design and evaluation of shallow water pressure shell, and volume element numerical scheme and thick spherical shell theoretical scheme can be used for the design and evaluation of deep-sea pressure shell.. (concluding paragraph). It is suggested that the classification society should adopt the inner surface stress and critical buckling load of thick shell as the evaluation indexes when revising the design code of deep-sea pressure shell.. (directional section).
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reference
Introduction to writing and publishing SCI/EI academic papers - written by Zhang Jian
Introduction to high quality SCI papers - written by Guan Xiaohong
How to write SCI journal papers - by Mei Jin Shenlin